CA2702965A1 - Parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid - Google Patents

Parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2702965A1
CA2702965A1 CA2702965A CA2702965A CA2702965A1 CA 2702965 A1 CA2702965 A1 CA 2702965A1 CA 2702965 A CA2702965 A CA 2702965A CA 2702965 A CA2702965 A CA 2702965A CA 2702965 A1 CA2702965 A1 CA 2702965A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
reservoir model
domains
partitioning
nodes
generated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA2702965A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2702965C (en
Inventor
Adam K. Usadi
Ilya Mishev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2702965A1 publication Critical patent/CA2702965A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2702965C publication Critical patent/CA2702965C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation

Abstract

A computer implemented system and method for parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid includes a method of simulating a reservoir model which includes generating the reservoir model. The generated reservoir model is partitioned into multiple sets of different domains, each one corresponding to an efficient partition for a specific portion of the model.

Description

PARALLEL ADAPTIVE DATA PARTITIONING ON A RESERVOIR SIMULATION
USING AN UNSTRUCTURED GRID

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/007,470 filed December 13, 2007 entitled PARALLEL ADAPTIVE DATA PARTITIONING ON
RESERVOIR SIMULATION USING AN UNSTRUCTER GRID, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND
[0002] This invention relates generally to oil and gas production, and in particular to the use of reservoir simulations to facilitate oil and gas production.

SUMMARY
[0003] In one general aspect, a method of simulating a reservoir model includes generating the reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into multiple sets of different domains, each one corresponding to an efficient partition for a specific portion of the model.
[0004] Implementations of this aspect may include one or more of the following features.
For example, simulating the reservoir model may include dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel, based on the partitions. Simulating the reservoir simulation in parallel may include re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains dynamically in order to improve parallel performance. Re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include a) pre-processing the reservoir model by choosing a partitioning scheme and determining its parameters; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains using the partitioning scheme; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to further refine the parallel performance of the partitioned calculation; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d, and e using a modified partitioning scheme and parameters. Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include identifying subsets or blocks of nodes which are isolated from each other; weighting the sorted blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each block; sorting these blocks of nodes based on processing cost; and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains. Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include determining a level of processing cost associated with each node within the generated reservoir model; sorting the nodes in a geometric direction;
binning the weighted, sorted nodes based on processing costs to generate bins of equal weight; and assigning nodes from the bins to domains. Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model; tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field;
projecting the streamlines to generate stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains.
Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; determining a processing cost associated with the connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs.

[0005] Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels may include grouping nodes having a connectivity above a predetermined level within the same domains. Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include partitioning the domains;
determining the distances between the boundaries of the domains and adjacent wells defined within the generated reservoir model; and re-partitioning the generated reservoir model as required as a function of the determined distances in order to move the domain partition away from the wells and thus improve the solver performance.
[0006] Partitioning the domains may include identifying subsets or blocks of nodes which are isolated from each other; weighting the sorted blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each block; sorting these blocks of nodes based on processing cost; and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains. Partitioning the domains may include determining a level of processing cost associated with each node within the generated reservoir model; sorting the nodes in a geometric direction; binning the weighted, sorted nodes based on processing costs to generate bins of equal weight; and assigning nodes from the bins to domains. Partitioning the domains may include determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model; tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field; projecting the streamlines to generate stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains. Partitioning the domains may include determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model;
determining a processing cost associated with the connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs.
Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include partitioning the domains;
determining all nodes within the generated reservoir model positioned along boundaries between the domains; projecting the boundary nodes to a plane and fitting a curve through the projected boundary nodes; and projecting a curve in a direction orthogonal to the fitted curve to redefine boundaries between the domains of the generated reservoir model.
[0007] Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include comparing the parallel performance partitioning of the generated partitioned reservoir model with the performance of a historical collection of partitioned reservoir models; and repartitioning the model if the performance of the new partition is not as good as that of the historical record.
[0008] In another general aspect, a method for simulating a reservoir model includes generating the reservoir model; partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements;
processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing;
wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes: a) pre-processing the reservoir model by choosing a partitioning scheme and determining its parameters; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains using a partition scheme; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model further refine the parallel performance of the partitioned calculation; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, and d, and e with properly modified partitioning scheme and/or its parameters.
[0009] In another general aspect, a method for simulating a reservoir model may include generating the reservoir model; partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements;
processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing.
[0010] Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include any one of the following. Specifically, partitioning the domains may include identifying subsets or blocks of nodes which are isolated from each other; weighting the sorted blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each block; sorting these blocks of nodes based on processing cost; and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains. Partitioning the domains may include determining a level of processing cost associated with each node within the generated reservoir model; sorting the nodes in a geometric direction; binning the weighted, sorted nodes based on processing costs to generate bins of equal weight; and assigning nodes from the bins to domains.
Partitioning the domains may include determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model;
tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field; projecting the streamlines to generate stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains. Partitioning the domains may include determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; determining a processing cost associated with the connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs.
Partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains may include partitioning the domains; determining all nodes within the generated reservoir model positioned along boundaries between the domains; projecting the boundary nodes to a plane and fitting a curve through the projected boundary nodes; and projecting a curve in a direction orthogonal to the fitted curve to redefine boundaries between the domains of the generated reservoir model.
[0011] One or more of the foregoing aspects may be used to simulate a reservoir model, which in turn may be relied upon to control hydrocarbon production activities based on the simulated results of the reservoir model. The production of hydrocarbons may be controlled, e.g., production rates from surface facilities may be controlled based on results interpreted from the simulated reservoir model(s).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Fig. 1 is an illustration of a reservoir simulation model including a grid mesh that defines a plurality of nodes.
[0013] Fig. 2 is a flow chart illustration of a simulator for simulating the operation of the model of Fig. 1.
[0014] Fig. 3 is an illustration of a reservoir simulation model including a grid mesh that defines a plurality of nodes that has been partitioned into a plurality of domains.
[0015] Fig. 4 is an illustration of a reservoir simulation model including a grid mesh that defines a plurality of nodes in which different nodes within the grid are modeled with different levels of implicitness and different fluid models. Furthermore, the nodes of the reservoir simulation model have been partitioned into two domains (0 & 1).
[0016] Fig. 5 is an illustration of the numerical matrix corresponding to the model of Fig. 4.
[0017] Fig. 6a is a flow chart illustration of a simulator for simulating the operation of the model of Fig. 1.
[0018] Fig. 6b is a flow chart illustration of the partition logic of the well management of the simulator of Fig. 6a.
[0019] Fig. 6c is a flow chart illustration of the partition logic of the Jacobian construction and flow calculation of the simulator of Fig. 6a.
[0020] Fig. 6d is a flow chart illustration of the partition logic of the linear solve of the simulator of Fig. 6a.
[0021] Fig. 6e is a flow chart illustration of the partition logic of the property calculations of the simulator of Fig. 6a.
[0022] Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustration of the general method of partitioning any one of the calculation parts which constitute reservoir simulation process.
[0023] Fig. 8 is a flow chart illustration of a node coloring method of partitioning a reservoir model.
[0024] Figs. 8a to 8d are schematic illustrations of various operational steps of the node coloring method of Fig. 8.
[0025] Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustration of a load balanced, geometric method of partitioning a reservoir model.
[0026] Figs. 9a to 9e are schematic illustrations of various operational steps of the load balanced, geometric method of Fig. 9.
[0027] Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustration of a streamline method of partitioning a reservoir model.
[0028] Figs. l0a to l0c are schematic illustrations of various operational steps of the streamline method of Fig. 10.
[0029] Fig. 11 is a flow chart illustration of a distance-to-well method of partitioning a reservoir model.
[0030] Fig. 12 is an illustration of the weighting of the nodes of a reservoir model as a function of their distance from wells.
[0031] Fig. 13 is a flow chart illustration of a method of partitioning a reservoir model.
[0032] Fig. 14 is a flow chart illustration of a curve fit method of smoothing the partition of a reservoir model.
[0033] Figs. 14a to 14d are schematic illustrations of various operational steps of the curve fit smoothing method of Fig. 14.
[0034] Fig. 15 is a flow chart illustration of a historical comparison method of partitioning a reservoir model.
[0035] Fig. 16 is a graphical illustration of the evaluation of the individual domain performance of a linear solve in a simulation of a reservoir model.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0036] Referring initially to Fig. 1, an exemplary embodiment of a typical 3-dimensional reservoir model 100 for simulating the operation of an oil and/or gas reservoir includes one or more vertical wells 102. In an exemplary embodiment, the model 100 is broken up into a plurality of nodes 104 by a grid mesh 106. In an exemplary embodiment, the nodes 104 of the model 100 are of non-uniform size.
[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the operation of the model 100 is simulated using a conventional reservoir simulator 200 in which well management 202 is performed for the well and surface facility network of the model. In an exemplary embodiment, the well management 202 is performed over all wells such as that shown by 102 in the model 100 includes a conventional iterative process 204 in which a conventional Jacobian construction and flow calculation 206 is performed, followed by a conventional linear solve 208 and conventional property calculations 210. In an exemplary embodiment, the linear solve 208 and/or the property calculations 210 are performed over large arrays of data that represent properties such as, for example, pressure and composition at mesh points in the grid 106.
[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, upon the completion of the process 204 for the wells 102 in the model, the simulated data for the entire reservoir model is then generated in a conventional results/checkpoint I/O 212.
[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the reservoir simulator 200 may be implemented, for example, using one or more general purpose computers, special purpose computers, analog processors, digital processors, central processing units, and/or distributed computing systems.
[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the model 100 and simulator 200 are used to simulate the operation of the reservoir to thereby permit the modeling of fluids, energy, and/or gases flowing in the hydrocarbon reservoirs, wells, and related surface facilities.
Reservoir simulation is one part of reservoir modeling which also includes the construction of the simulation data to accurately represent the reservoir. The goal of a simulation is to understand the flow patterns in order to optimize some strategy for producing hydrocarbons from some set of wells and surface facilities. The simulation is usually part of a time consuming, iterative process to reduce uncertainty about a particular reservoir model description while optimizing a production strategy. Reservoir simulation, for example, is one kind of computational fluid dynamics simulation.
[0041] The calculations performed by the simulator 200 typically are, for the most part, performed over large arrays of data which represent physical properties such as pressure and composition at the mesh points in the grid 106. As time progresses, the relative costs of parts of the operation of the simulator 200 may vary. For example, the linear solve 208 may become considerably more expensive than the Jacobian construction 206. This may be due to the nature of the physical processes which are being modeled or due to properties of the algorithm. For example, the reservoir simulator 200 may start out with a single hydrocarbon phase. But as the pressure of the reservoir drops due to oil production, the pressure may drop below the bubble point of the fluids so gas may come out of solution. This may, in turn, make the property calculations 210 more expensive, but not affect the linear solve 208 very much. The net effect is to make the property calculations use a larger percentage of the total calculation time. Furthermore, the cost of the property calculations may vary by grid node 104. That is, one region of the reservoir model 100 may require more calculations to converge to an adequate solution than another region.
[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, in order to decrease the runtime required for the operation of the simulator 200, one or more of the operational steps, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210 and/or 212, of the simulator may be distributed among multiple central processing units (CPU) or CPU cores within a computer in order to perform the operational steps in parallel.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method of parallelization of the operational steps, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210 and/or 212, of the simulator 200 may vary by category. For example, the method by which a particular operational step of the simulator 200 is parallelized may be different from the method of parallelization of another particular operational step of the simulator. In an exemplary embodiment, the method of parallelization selected for a particular operational step of the simulator 200 may be optimized using empirical methods.
[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the particular parallelization method selected for a particular operational step, or group of operational steps, of the simulator 200, takes into consideration whether or not the calculations associated with an operational step, or group of operational steps, are local where little or no inter-domain communication exists or global where communication across domain boundaries is required. For example, parallelization of the simulator 200 is provided, for example, by partitioning the model 100 into a plurality of domains, in an exemplary embodiment, optimal parallelization provides a good load balance and minimizes the communication between the domains of the model.
[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, parallelization may be provided by a parallelization by task. In an exemplary embodiment, parallelization by task is provided by dividing up an operational step of the simulator 200 into sub-tasks which may be run in parallel and thereby processed by multiple computers. For example, all or part of property calculations 210 may fall into this category because many of the calculations only involves calculations at a node and not flows from connected nodes. Thus, these calculations may be performed simultaneously in parallel with no non-local effects.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, parallelization may be provided by a parallelization by data partition.
[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 3, parallelization by data partition is provided by partitioning the data within the grid 106 of the model 100 into separate domains, for example, 100a and 100b, and performing the same operational steps over each domain of the data. For example, the Jacobian construction 206 and the property calculations 210 typically fall into this category. This method of parallelization is typically good for local calculations.
[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, parallelization by data partition is provided by partitioning the data within the grid 106 of the model 100 into separate domains such as, for example, 100a and 100b, as illustrated in Fig. 3, and performing a parallel algorithm such that a large portion of the calculations of one or more of the operational steps of the simulator 200 may be performed identically over different domains of the model. In an exemplary embodiment, such as the linear solve 208, an additional global part of the calculation may be required.
[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the calculation performed in the operational steps of the simulator 200 is parallelized by partitioning the data. In an exemplary embodiment, one or more of the calculations of one or more of the operational steps of the simulator 200 may include a corresponding partition of the data of the model 100. Furthermore, the optimal partition of the data of the model 100 may be time dependent for one or more of the calculations of one or more of the operational steps of the simulator 200. For example, the parallelization may, for example, have completely different data partitions at different points in time during the operation of the simulator 200.
[0049] Existing partitioning algorithms for simulators 200 attempt to provide an efficient load balance for each domain of the model 100 and minimize the number of the connections between the subdomains. This approach does not necessarily provide good iterative performance of a domain decomposition based parallel solver. And this is a primary motivation for the development of the methods described in this patent.
[0050] Due to the evolutionary nature of a reservoir simulator 200, the existing partition of the model 100 can become improperly load balanced or otherwise inefficient for the current state of calculations. This may happen because, for example, the cost of the property calculations depends on properties of the fluid and may change dramatically as the fluid moves and evolves. Or the linear solve 208 may encounter global convergence difficulties as the character of the linear matrix equation changes. In such a case, it is desirable to repartition the data of the model 100 in order to bring the operation of the simulator 200 back into proper load balance and to improve the iterative convergence of the linear solve 208.
[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, the cost of the calculations during the operation of the simulator 200 may be measured by the number of components and phases by which the fluid is modeled and the level of implicitness used for the mathematical discretization. For example, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, an exemplary reservoir model 400 has a corresponding matrix equation 500 where the number of rows associated with each node is 1 for the IMPES nodes, but equal to the number of components for the CI region.
IMPES
refers to implicit pressure explicit saturation and CI refers to coupled implicit. Each non-zero element in the matrix equation 500 may be correlated to some number of floating point operations which translate to computational cost. More non-zero elements in a particular domain mean more work in the particular domain.
[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of parallelization in the model 100 and simulator 200 provides an unstructured grid 106 adaptively in time and/or by calculation category in order to optimize parallel performance of the simulator. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of parallelization may be performed in parallel or serial. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of parallelization may be performed in the simulator 200 using shared memory parallel machines such as, for example, multi-cpu/multi-core desktop machines available today because data re-mapping is more efficient if the data can be accessed locally without sending or receiving over a network, but it could be used over the variety of parallel machines available including, for example, distributed memory cluster, cell chips, and other many-core chips.
[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of parallelization includes metrics for determining when the data in the model 100 needs to be repartitioned which may be different for different calculation categories of the operational steps of the simulator 200. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of parallelization includes a variety of choices for performing the partition of data within the model 100. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of parallelization provides different partitions of data in the model 100 as a function of the calculation to be performed in an operational step of the simulator 200. Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment, for a given calculation category in one or more of the operational steps of the simulator 200, different models 100 are best served by different types of partitions of the data in the corresponding model 100.
[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more methods for parallelization include one or more of the following: 1) methods to partition data in the model 100 for optimal parallel solver algorithm convergence; 2) methods to partition solver and non-solver calculation categories in one or more of the operational steps of the simulator 200 based upon a measurement of the load balance inequities; 3) adaptation of the partitioning of data in the model dynamically based upon: a) metrics calculated as part of the operation of the simulator such as measuring the number of iterations inside the flash calculation, following phase transition fronts, etc ...; and/or b) historic and predictive runtime performance; 4) providing the correct node and connection weights to existing graph partition schemes;
and/or 5) minimizing the cutting of facility and high throughput regions through a variety of theoretical and/or heuristic methods.
[0055] Referring to Fig. 6a, in an exemplary embodiment, the operation of the model 100 is simulated using a reservoir simulator 600 in which well management 602 is performed. In an exemplary embodiment, the well management 602 for the wells 102 in the model includes an iterative process 604 in which a Jacobian construction and flow calculation 606 is performed, followed by a linear solve 608 and property calculations 610. In an exemplary embodiment, upon the completion of the process 604 results/checkpoint I/O 612 are generated.
[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 6b, the well management 602 determines if the data within the model 100 should be re-partitioned in 602a in order to improve the processing efficiency and/or accuracy of the well management. If the well management computational costs within the model 100 should be re-load balanced, then the data within the model is re-partitioned in 602b and the workload associated with the well management may be distributed among multiple CPUs or CPU cores in 602c.
[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 6c, the Jacobian construction and flow calculation 606 determines if the data within the model 100 should be re-partitioned in 606a in order to improve the processing efficiency and/or accuracy of the Jacobian construction and flow calculation. If the data within the model 100 should be re-partitioned, then the data within the model is re-partitioned in 606b and the workload associated with the Jacobian construction and flow calculation may be distributed among multiple CPUs or CPU
cores in 606c.
[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 6d, the linear solve determines if the data within the model 100 should be re-partitioned in 608a in order to improve the processing efficiency and/or accuracy of the linear solve. If the data within the model 100 should be re-partitioned, then the data within the model is re-partitioned in 608b and the workload associated with the linear solve may be distributed among multiple CPUs or CPU cores in 608d. .
[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 6e, the property calculations 610 determines if the data within the model 100 should be re-partitioned in 610a in order to improve the processing efficiency and/or accuracy of the property calculations. If the data within the model 100 should be re-partitioned, then the data within the model is re-partitioned in 610b and the workload associated with the linear property calculations may be distributed among multiple CPUs or CPU cores in 610c.
[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the reservoir simulator 600 may be implemented, for example, using one or more general purpose computers, special purpose computers, analog processors, digital processors, central processing units, and/or distributed computing systems.
[0061] Referring to Fig. 7, one or more of the operational steps 602b, 606b, 608b, 610b and/or 612b described above with references to Figs. 6a to 6e implement a method 700 of partitioning data within the reservoir model 100 in which the data within the model is prepared and/or modified for input into a partition process in 702. In an exemplary embodiment, preparing/modifying the data of the model 100 for input into the partition process in 702 includes one or more of determining/modifying the node and connection weights from the model and/or streamline tracing of the model, or preparing/modifying the control parameters for any other partitioning algorithm . In 704, the prepared data of the model 100 is then partitioned 704 by partitioning the nodes and connections of the model in separate domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the nodes and connections of the model 100 in 704 includes partitioning the graph of the model. After completing the partitioning of the model 100, post-partition smoothing and projection is performed in 706.
The quality of the partition of the model 100 is then determined in 708 using one or more quality metrics. If the quality metrics of the partition of the model 100 indicate a computationally inefficient data partition, then the method repeats steps 702 to 710 until the quality metrics of the partition of the model 100 are satisfied in 710.
[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 8, a method 800 of partitioning the model 100 includes colorizing the graph of the model in 802 in order to find isolated or nearly isolated groups of nodes. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 8a, a reservoir model 802a includes a plurality of nodes 802b that define one or more blocks 802c of associated nodes.
In an exemplary embodiment, in 802, each of the blocks 802c of the model 802a are colorized in order to find isolated or nearly isolated groups of nodes. In an exemplary embodiment, the colorizing of the blocks 802c in 802 is indicative of the level of computational activity required to simulate the operation of the model 100 within the particular block. In an exemplary embodiment, in 802, the colorization of the blocks 802c is provided using a colorizing scheme in which certain colors are reflective of transmissibility, or some other equivalent or similar measure of conductivity such as, for example, Jacobian pressure equation off-diagonal, that is indicative of an isolated or nearly isolated region of the model 100.
[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 800 then sorts the colored blocks of nodes by size in 804. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 8b, the colorized blocks 802c are sorted left to right by size in 804 and identified as blocks 802c1, 802c2, 802c3, 802c4, 802c5, 802c6, and 802c7, respectively.
[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 800 then weights the nodes of each of the colorized and sorted blocks in 806 to account for differing calculation costs associated with processing the respective nodes during the simulation of the model 100. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 8c, in 806, the nodes of the colorized blocks 802c are weighted as a function of the associated processing costs associated with processing the respective nodes during the simulation of the model 100.
[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 800 then allocates the weighted nodes to domains in order to optimize the work load balance in 808. For example, as illustrated in Fig.
8d, in 808, the method allocated blocks 802c1 and 802c7 to domain 0 and blocks 802c2, 802c3, 802c4, 802c5 and 802c6 to domain 1.
[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 9, a method 900 of partitioning the model 100 includes sorting the nodes within the model in a Cartesian direction as a function of the level of required computation for each node in 902. For example, as illustrated in Fig.
9a, a reservoir model 902a includes wells 902b, regions 902c that are more computationally expensive and regions 902d that are less computationally expensive. As illustrated in Fig. 9b, the nodes 902e in the model 902a are sorted in a given Cartesian direction as a function of the level of computation associated with each node in 902.
[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 900 then sums the computational weight factors for all of the nodes 902e to determine the cumulative computation weight of the grid for the model 902a in 904.
[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 900 then assigns nodes 902e to a particular domain until the cumulative computation weight for the particular domain is equal to a predetermined percentage of the cumulative computational weight of the grid in 906. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 9c, in an exemplary embodiment, in 906, the nodes 902e within the model 902a are assigned to domains 906a and 906b.
[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 9d, if the sorting of the nodes 902e in the method 900 is performed in the X-direction, then the resulting domains 906a and 906b are generated. Alternatively, in an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 9e, if the sorting of the nodes 902e in the method 900 is performed in the Y-direction, then the resulting domains 906a and 906b are generated.
[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 900 then performs a quality check in 908 and 910 to determine if the partition selected in 906 is adequate according to predetermined quality control criteria.
[0071] In several exemplary embodiments, the sorting of the nodes 902e in the method 900 may be provided using any direction such as, for example, x, y, or z. And, in an exemplary embodiment, the directions chosen and partition of domains selected may be an iterative process that optimizes the even distribution of the processing of the model 902a.
[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 10, a method 1000 of partitioning the model 100 includes determining the velocity field for the model in 1002.
The method 1000 then traces the velocity streamlines based upon the determined velocity field for the model 100 in 1004. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 10a, a reservoir model 1004a includes wells, 1004b and 1004c, and streamlines 1004d that extend between the wells.
[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1000 then projects the streamlines up and down in the vertical direction to generate a stream curtain in 1006. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 10b, in 1006, the streamlines 1004d are projected up and down to generate a stream curtain 1006a.
[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1000 then extends the streamline curtains to the boundaries of the grid of the model while adjusting the streamline curtains to avoid the wells in 1008. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 10c, in 1008, the streamline curtain 1006a is adjusted to generate a streamline curtain 1008a that extends to the boundaries of the grid of the model 1004a while avoiding the wells, 1004b and 1004c. As a result, the model 1004a is partitioned into domains, 1008b and 1008c.
[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1000 then selects the best partition of the model 100 using a plurality of streamline curtains in 1010.
[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1000 then performs a quality check in 1012 to determine if the partition selected in 1010 is adequate according to predetermined quality control criteria. If the partition selected in 1010 is not adequate according to the predetermined quality control criteria, the method continues to iteratively modify the partition until it is adequate.
[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the use of the method 1000 to partition the model 100 minimizes the processing cost of simulating the model using the simulator 600.
In particular, in an exemplary embodiment, since the velocity streamlines may approximate the dynamic flow of fluids within the model 100, the streamlines therefore represent boundaries over which the influence of the jump in the material properties may be minimized.
[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 11, a method 1100 of partitioning the model 100 determines the node and connection weight factors in 1102, or modifies them if necessary. In an exemplary embodiment, the node weight factors are representative of the processing cost associated with a node in the model 100 and the connection weight factors are representative of the degree to which nodes are connected to other nodes.
[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1100 then partitions the model 100 in 1106 as a function of the node weight and node connection weight factors determined in 1102. In an exemplary embodiment, in 1106, the model 100 is partitioned to evenly distribute the processing cost of simulating the model amongst a plurality of domains. In an exemplary embodiment, the domains of the model 100 constructed in 1106 avoid cutting connections between strongly connected nodes in the model.
[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1100 then performs a quality check in 1108 to determine if the partition selected in 1106 is adequate according to predetermined quality control criteria.
[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, the determination of the node weight factors and/or the connection weight factors in 1102 are time variable.
[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the determination of the connection weight factors in 1102 may be implemented by determining the distance of a node from the nearest well. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 12, the nodes within the model 100 may be color coded to indicate their respective distances from their respective closest wells 102.
The distance of a node 104 from the nearest well may then be used as part of the determination of the connection weight in 1102. In an exemplary embodiment, the closer a node 104 is to a well 102, the higher the connection weight and hence the less desirable breaking this connection between the node and the closest well during the partitioning of the model 100 in 1106 of the method 1100.
[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 13, a method 1300 of partitioning the model 100 determines or modifies the partition parameters in 1301 and generates a partition of the model 100 in 1302. In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1300 then determines the distance from the boundaries of the generated partition to adjacent wells 102 in the model 100 in 1304. If the distance from any of the boundaries of the generated partition is less than some predetermined value in 1306, then 1301 to 1306 are repeated until the distance from all of the boundaries of the generated partition is greater than or equal to some predetermined value.
[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 14, a method 1400 of partitioning the model 100, determines the partition parameters or if necessary modifies them in 1401 and generates a partition in 1402. In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 14a, in 1402, the method 1400 partitions a model 1402a into domains, 1402b, 1402c, and 1402d.
[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1400 then determines all nodes that fall along the boundaries between the domains of the partitioned model in 1404. In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 14b, in 1404, the method 1400 determines that the nodes 1402bc fall along the boundary between the domains 1402b and 1402c, the nodes 1402cd fall along the boundary between the domains 1402c and 1402d, and the nodes 1402db fall along the boundary between the domains 1402d and 1402b.
[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1400 then projects the boundary nodes to a plane and fits a curve through the projected boundary nodes in 1406. In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 14c, in 1406, the method 1400 projects the boundary nodes, 1402bc, 1402cd, and 1402db, to the X-Y plane and fits curves, 1406a, 1406b, and 1406c, respectively, through the projected boundary nodes in 1406.
[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1400 then projects smooth surface in another direction extending from the curves generated in 1408, which may, for example, be orthogonal to the plane selected in 1408, In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig.
14d, the method projects smooth curves, 1408a, 1408b, and 1408c, in the Z-direction. As a result, the model 1402a is portioned into domains 1408aa, 1408bb, and 1408cc.
[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1400 then determines if the quality of the partition of the model 1402a into separate domains is of sufficient quality in 1410.
[0089] Referring to Fig. 15, an exemplary embodiment of a method 1500 of partitioning a reservoir model generates a partition of the reservoir model in 1502. In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1500 then compares the computational performance for the generated partition of the reservoir model with the computational performance of historical data regarding the partition of the reservoir model in 1504. In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1500 then iteratively uses the differences in the computational performance for the generated partition of the reservoir model with the computational performance of the historical data for the partition of the reservoir model to improve the partition of the reservoir model in 1506. In an exemplary embodiment, the method 1500 then determines if the quality of the partition of the reservoir model into separate domains is of sufficient quality in 1508.
If the quality is not good, a new partition method is attempted.
[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, in 1508, the method 1500 determines the quality of the partition of the reservoir model using one or more static measures of the quality of the partition which may, for example, include statistical measures of the domain boundary connections, the mean and standard deviation of the transmissabilities, the Jacobian off-diagonal elements, a measure of the smoothness of the domain boundaries within the partition. In an exemplary embodiment, a measure of the smoothness of the domain boundaries may, for example, be provided by projecting the boundary nodes of a particular interface between adjacent domains into a plane and then fitting a curve through the projection. In an exemplary embodiment, the degree to which the curve fits the projection provides an indication of the degree to which the boundary between the adjacent domains is heterogeneous.
[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the partitioning of the nodes and connections of the grid of the model 100 into domains in the method 700 includes one or more aspects of the methods 800 and/or 900 and/or 1000 and/or 1100 and/or 1300 and/or 1400 and/or 1500 of partitioning.
[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the operation of the simulator 600 and/or one or more of the methods 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1300, 1400 and/or 1500 are further implemented to optimize the processing efficiency of the simulation of the reservoir 100 using one or more of the following metrics of performance: 1) solver iterative convergence rate; 2) wall clock time to CPU ratio; 3) properties calculation; and/or 4) Jacobian construction and flow calculations.
[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, the total number of outer iterations of the linear iterative solver are a good indicator of parallel efficiency and partition problems.
[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, during serial processing of the simulator 600, the amount of time a CPU spends on a calculation should be equal to the amount of time which passed - i.e., the wall clock time. In an exemplary embodiment, during parallel processing of the simulator 600, the total processing work performed by the all of the CPU's working on the simulation should ideally remain the same as the serial run except that the elapsed wall clock time should drop and the ratio of the wall clock time to the number of CPUs - the wall clock time to CPU ratio - should be proportional to 1/( Number of CPU's).
However, the wall clock time-to-CPU ratio should also drop if the CPU rate increases faster than the wall clock time. For example, this might happen if the parallel processing is working much more inefficiently than the serial version. The ratio of the wall clock time to CPU
time is a useful, dynamic measure of parallel efficiency if used in conjunction with other measures. For example, a change in the wall time-to-CPU ratio as the simulation progresses is an indication of a problem. In an exemplary embodiment, similar reservoir simulation models may be expected to run similarly. And in particular, the parallel performance of a simulation of a reservoir model may be expected to be similar for similar physical reservoir models. Thus, we may compare the current wall time to CPU time to that of similar reservoir models and infer parallel efficiency.
[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more of the methods of partitioning the reservoir model 100 into separate domains described above with reference to Figs. 1-15 are implemented in a dynamic fashion in order to at least minimize time-dependent degradation of the efficiency of parallel processing of a reservoir simulator.
[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, the load balance of the simulation of a reservoir model may be inferred through other measures of the workload of the CPUs. In particular, different categories of calculations performed during a simulation of a reservoir model have different useful measures for the cost of a calculation per grid node.
[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the equation-of-state (EOS) properties calculations, which are usually calculated one node at a time during the simulation of a reservoir model, produces a measure of worked performed during the flash calculation. The flash calculation is the process to determine fluid volumes and compositions based on input pressure and components. This measure may come in the form of flash solver iteration count -as distinct from the linear matrix equation solver for the entire system. In an exemplary embodiment, another measure of the cost of the flash is the complexity of the fluid - how many phases and components of fluid exist at a node at an instant in time. This has the added benefit of having applicability for both EOS and Black oil (BO) fluid models.
[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, the cost of the Jacobian Construction &
flow calculations, typically vector-vector and matrix-vector operations, may be measured by the number of components and phases by which the fluid is modeled and the level of implicitness used for the mathematical discretization. In an exemplary embodiment, the more phases and components that are used to model a fluid, the more state variables must be calculated. In an exemplary embodiment, the more implicitly that one models the properties at a given node, the more expensive are the calculations for that node. The more implicit calculations require more derivative calculations.
[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 16, the operational efficiency of a parallel processing of the linear solve of a reservoir simulator may be evaluated by examining the solver time 1600 for each of the CPUs associated with the linear solve.
[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, a framework for using partitioning algorithms to optimize parallel performance of a reservoir simulator comprises: a) adjusting the parameters for a given partitioning algorithm - e.g. calculating node and connection weight factors for a graph partition algorithm (GPA); b) running a partitioning method of choice, for example, a GPA; c) doing post processing improvements - fix-up and smoothing of the partition; d) evaluating the quality of the partition; and e) if the quality is acceptable exit, else repeat the process with properly changed parameters of the GPA.
[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, each category of calculation performed during the operation of the simulator 600 may benefit from its own, targeted partitioning method and have designed the partitioning scheme to specialize for each calculation category.
[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, because physical and mathematical properties of a reservoir simulation are typically time dependent, the partitioning methods described herein are independently adaptive - that is, the partitioning scheme for each calculation category performed during the operation of the simulator 600 may be adapted with its own targeted frequency.
[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the partitioning methods described herein employ physically based metrics to determine the quality of the partitions.
[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, the partitioning of the model 100 includes geometric cutting of the model; coloring with the sorting of the nodes of the model -based on physical weighting of nodes and connections with physically based thresholds on communication across connections; and flow based partitioning. In an exemplary embodiment, the flow based partitioning includes streamline based such as, for example, stream line curtain, stream tube agglomeration, and smoothing; and graph partitioning with flow or coefficient based weightings to minimize large jumps in coefficients across domain boundaries.
[0105] A method of simulating a reservoir model has been described that includes generating the reservoir model; partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; and simulating the partitioned reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, simulating the reservoir model includes dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel. In an exemplary embodiment, processing the plurality of the processing elements in parallel includes re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains. In an exemplary embodiment, re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d and e. In an exemplary embodiment, simulating the reservoir model includes re-partitioning the reservoir model;
dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm ; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) if the quality of the post-process partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d and e.
In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes colorizing the generated reservoir model to generate blocks of nodes having a corresponding color code that is representative of a degree to which the blocks of nodes are isolated from other blocks of nodes; sorting the color colored blocks of nodes; weighting the sorted color coded blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each; and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining a level of processing cost associated with nodes within the generated reservoir model; sorting the nodes in a direction as a function of the processing cost associated with the nodes; summing the processing cost of the sorted nodes in the direction to determine a total processing cost associated with the direction; and assigning the nodes in the direction to corresponding domains to allocate the total processing cost in the direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model;
tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field; projecting the streamlines to generate stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains. In an exemplary embodiment, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains while avoiding intersection of the boundaries with wells defined within the generated reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes generating multiple stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into multiple sets of domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes determining a processing cost distribution associated with each of the multiple sets of domains; and selecting a partition for the generated reservoir model from the multiple sets of domains having the best processing cost distribution. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; determining a connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels includes evenly distributing the determined processing costs among the domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels includes grouping nodes having a connectivity above a predetermined level within the same domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining the distances between the boundaries of the domains and adjacent wells defined within the generated reservoir model; and re-partitioning the generated reservoir model as required as a function of the determined distances. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining all nodes within the generated reservoir model positioned along boundaries between the domains; projecting the boundary nodes to a plane and fitting a curve through the projected boundary nodes; and projecting a curve in a direction orthogonal to the fitted curve to define boundaries between the domains of the generated reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes comparing the partitioning of the generated reservoir model with prior partitioning of the reservoir model.
[0106] A method for simulating a reservoir model has been described that includes generating the reservoir model; partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements;
processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing;
wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm ; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model;
and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d and e.
[0107] A method for simulating a reservoir model has been described that includes generating the reservoir model; partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements;
processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing;
wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining a level of processing cost associated with nodes within the generated reservoir model; sorting the nodes as a function of the processing cost associated with the nodes;
summing the processing cost of the sorted nodes to determine a total processing cost associated with the nodes; and assigning the nodes to corresponding domains to allocate the total processing cost among the domains.
[0108] A computer program for simulating a reservoir model embodied in a tangible medium has been described that includes instructions for: generating the reservoir model;

partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; and simulating the partitioned reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, simulating the reservoir model includes dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel. In an exemplary embodiment, processing the plurality of the processing elements in parallel includes re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains. In an exemplary embodiment, re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model;
and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d and e. In an exemplary embodiment, simulating the reservoir model includes re-partitioning the reservoir model;
dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partition; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) if the quality of the post-process partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d and e. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes colorizing the generated reservoir model to generate blocks of nodes having a corresponding color code that is representative of a degree to which the blocks of nodes are isolated from other blocks of nodes; sorting the color colored blocks of nodes; weighting the sorted color coded blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each; and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining a level of processing cost associated with nodes within the generated reservoir model; sorting the nodes in a direction as a function of the processing cost associated with the nodes; summing the processing cost of the sorted nodes in the direction to determine a total processing cost associated with the direction; and assigning the nodes in the direction to corresponding domains to allocate the total processing cost in the direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model;
tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field; projecting the streamlines to generate stream currents; and extending the stream currents to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes extending the stream currents to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains while avoiding intersection of the boundaries with wells defined within the generated reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes generating multiple stream currents; and extending the stream currents to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into multiple sets of domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes determining a processing cost distribution associated with each of the multiple sets of domains; and selecting a partition for the generated reservoir model from the multiple sets of domains having the best processing cost distribution. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; determining a connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model ; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels includes evenly distributing the determined processing costs among the domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels includes grouping nodes having a connectivity above a predetermined level within the same domains. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining the distances between the boundaries of the domains and adjacent wells defined within the generated reservoir model; and re-partitioning the generated reservoir model as required as a function of the determined distances. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes determining all nodes within the generated reservoir model positioned along boundaries between the domains; projecting the boundary nodes to a plane and fitting a curve through the projected boundary nodes; and projecting a curve in a direction orthogonal to the fitted curve to define boundaries between the domains of the generated reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes comparing the partitioning of the generated reservoir model with prior partitioning of the reservoir model.
[0109] A computer program for simulating a reservoir model embodied in a tangible medium has been described that includes instructions for: generating the reservoir model; partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing; wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises: a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm; b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d and e.
[0110] A computer program for simulating a reservoir model embodied in a tangible medium has been described that includes instructions for: generating the reservoir model; partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing; wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises: determining a level of processing cost associated with nodes within the generated reservoir model; sorting the nodes as a function of the processing cost associated with the nodes; summing the processing cost of the sorted nodes to determine a total processing cost associated with the nodes; and assigning the nodes to corresponding domains to allocate the total processing cost among the domains.
[0111] A system for simulating a reservoir model has been described that includes means for generating the reservoir model; means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; and means for simulating the partitioned reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, means for simulating the reservoir model includes means for dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and means for processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel. In an exemplary embodiment, means for processing the plurality of the processing elements in parallel includes means for re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains. In an exemplary embodiment, means for re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm; b) means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) means for post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) means for evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) means for if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then means for repeating a, b, c, d, and e. In an exemplary embodiment, means for simulating the reservoir model includes means for re-partitioning the reservoir model; means for dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and means for processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm: b) means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) means for post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) means for evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) means for if the quality of the post-process partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then means for repeating a, b, c, d, and e.
In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes means for colorizing the generated reservoir model to generate blocks of nodes having a corresponding color code that is representative of a degree to which the blocks of nodes are isolated from other blocks of nodes; means for sorting the color colored blocks of nodes; means for weighting the sorted color coded blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each; and means for allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes means for determining a level of processing cost associated with nodes within the generated reservoir model; means for sorting the nodes in a direction as a function of the processing cost associated with the nodes; means for summing the processing cost of the sorted nodes in the direction to determine a total processing cost associated with the direction;
and means for assigning the nodes in the direction to corresponding domains to allocate the total processing cost in the direction. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes means for determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model; means for tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field; means for projecting the streamlines to generate stream currents; and means for extending the stream currents to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes means for extending the stream currents to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains while avoiding intersection of the boundaries with wells defined within the generated reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes means for generating multiple stream currents; and means for extending the stream currents to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into multiple sets of domains. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains further includes means for determining a processing cost distribution associated with each of the multiple sets of domains; and means for selecting a partition for the generated reservoir model from the multiple sets of domains having the best processing cost distribution. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes mans for determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; means for determining a connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model ; and means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels includes means for evenly distributing the determined processing costs among the domains. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels includes means for grouping nodes having a connectivity above a predetermined level within the same domains. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes means for determining the distances between the boundaries of the domains and adjacent wells defined within the generated reservoir model; and means for re-partitioning the generated reservoir model as required as a function of the determined distances. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes means for determining all nodes within the generated reservoir model positioned along boundaries between the domains; means for projecting the boundary nodes to a plane and fitting a curve through the projected boundary nodes; and means for projecting a curve in a direction orthogonal to the fitted curve to define boundaries between the domains of the generated reservoir model. In an exemplary embodiment, means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes means for comparing the partitioning of the generated reservoir model with prior partitioning of the reservoir model.
[0112] A system for simulating a reservoir model has been described that includes means for generating the reservoir model; means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; means for dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; means for processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel;
and means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing; wherein means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises: a) pre-processing the reservoir model which can include but is not limited to choosing/changing the partitioning algorithm and determining/modifying the parameters for the already chosen partitioning algorithm; b) means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; c) means for post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model; d) means for evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) means for if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then means for repeating a, b, c, d, and e.
[0113] A system for simulating a reservoir model has been described that includes means for generating the reservoir model; means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains; means for dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; means for processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel;
and means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing; wherein means for partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains includes means for determining a level of processing cost associated with nodes within the generated reservoir model;
means for sorting the nodes as a function of the processing cost associated with the nodes;
means for summing the processing cost of the sorted nodes to determine a total processing cost associated with the nodes; and means for assigning the nodes to corresponding domains to allocate the total processing cost among the domains.
[0114] It is understood that variations may be made in the foregoing without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the teachings of the present illustrative embodiments may be used to enhance the computational efficiency of other types of n-dimensional computer models that include grid structures.
[0115] Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, a wide range of modification, changes and substitution is contemplated in the foregoing disclosure. In some instances, some features of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention.

Claims (22)

1. A method of simulating a reservoir model, comprising:
generating the reservoir model;

partitioning the generated reservoir model into multiple sets of different domains, each one corresponding to an efficient partition for a specific portion of the model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating the reservoir model comprises:
dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements; and processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel, based on the partitions.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating the reservoir simulation in parallel comprises:

re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains dynamically in order to improve parallel performance.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein re-partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

a) pre-processing the reservoir model by choosing a partitioning scheme and determining its parameters;

b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains using the partitioning scheme;

c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to further refine the parallel performance of the partitioned calculation;

d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model; and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, d, and e using a modified partitioning scheme and parameters.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

identifying subsets or blocks of nodes which are isolated from each other;

weighting the sorted blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each block;

sorting these blocks of nodes based on processing cost; and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

determining a level of processing cost associated with each node within the generated reservoir model;

sorting the nodes in a geometric direction;

binning the weighted, sorted nodes based on processing costs to generate bins of equal weight;

and assigning nodes from the bins to domains.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model;
tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field;

projecting the streamlines to generate stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model;

determining a processing cost associated with the connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs and connectivity levels comprises:

grouping nodes having a connectivity above a predetermined level within the same domains.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

partitioning the domains;

determining the distances between the boundaries of the domains and adjacent wells defined within the generated reservoir model; and re-partitioning the generated reservoir model as required as a function of the determined distances in order to move the domain partition away from the wells and thus improve the solver performance.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein partitioning the domains comprises:
identifying subsets or blocks of nodes which are isolated from each other;

weighting the sorted blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each block;

sorting these blocks of nodes based on processing cost; and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein partitioning the domains comprises:

determining a level of processing cost associated with each node within the generated reservoir model;

sorting the nodes in a geometric direction;

binning the weighted, sorted nodes based on processing costs to generate bins of equal weight;

and assigning nodes from the bins to domains.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein partitioning the domains comprises:
determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model;
tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field;

projecting the streamlines to generate stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein partitioning the domains comprises:
determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model;

determining a processing cost associated with the connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

partitioning the domains;

determining all nodes within the generated reservoir model positioned along boundaries between the domains;

projecting the boundary nodes to a plane and fitting a curve through the projected boundary nodes; and projecting a curve in a direction orthogonal to the fitted curve to redefine boundaries between the domains of the generated reservoir model.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

comparing the parallel performance partitioning of the generated partitioned reservoir model with the performance of a historical collection of partitioned reservoir models; and repartitioning the model if the performance of the new partition is not as good as that of the historical record.
17. A method for simulating a reservoir model, comprising:
generating the reservoir model;

partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains;

dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements;
processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing;

wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains comprises:

a) pre-processing the reservoir model by choosing a partitioning scheme and determining its parameters;

b) partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains using a partition scheme;

c) post-processing the partitioned reservoir model to correct the partitioned reservoir model further refine the parallel performance of the partitioned calculation;

d) evaluating a quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model, and e) if the quality of the post-processed partitioned reservoir model is less than a predetermined value, then repeating a, b, c, and d, and e with properly modified partitioning scheme and/or its parameters
18. A method for simulating a reservoir model, comprising generating the reservoir model, partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains, dividing the simulating of the reservoir into a plurality of processing elements, processing a plurality of the processing elements in parallel, and partitioning the generated reservoir model into another plurality of domains at least once during the parallel processing wherein partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains
19. The method of claim 18, wherein partitioning the domains comprises identifying subsets or blocks of nodes which are isolated from each other;

weighting the sorted blocks of nodes to account for processing costs associated with each block, sorting these blocks of nodes based on processing cost, and allocating the weighted blocks of nodes to corresponding domains
20. The method of claim 18, wherein partitioning the domains comprises determining a level of processing cost associated with each node within the generated reservoir model, sorting the nodes in a geometric direction, binning the weighted, sorted nodes based on processing costs to generate bins of equal weight, and assigning nodes from the bins to domains.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein partitioning the domains comprises:
determining a velocity field associated with the generated reservoir model;
tracing streamlines associated with the velocity field;

projecting the streamlines to generate stream curtains; and extending the stream curtains to boundaries of the generated reservoir model to partition the generated reservoir model into domains.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein partitioning the domains comprises:

determining a processing cost associated with each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model;

determining a processing cost associated with the connectivity level between each of the nodes of the generated reservoir model; and partitioning the generated reservoir model into a plurality of domains as a function of the determined processing costs.
CA2702965A 2007-12-13 2008-10-20 Parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid Expired - Fee Related CA2702965C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US747007P 2007-12-13 2007-12-13
US61/007,470 2007-12-13
PCT/US2008/080508 WO2009075945A1 (en) 2007-12-13 2008-10-20 Parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2702965A1 true CA2702965A1 (en) 2009-06-18
CA2702965C CA2702965C (en) 2014-04-01

Family

ID=40755810

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2702965A Expired - Fee Related CA2702965C (en) 2007-12-13 2008-10-20 Parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US8437996B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2247820A4 (en)
CN (1) CN101896690B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0820870A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2702965C (en)
WO (1) WO2009075945A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103097657A (en) * 2010-09-07 2013-05-08 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 Machine, computer program product and method to generate unstructured grids and carry out parallel reservoir simulation

Families Citing this family (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102713142B (en) 2009-08-14 2015-12-16 Bp北美公司 Reservoir architecture and connectivity analysis
GB2474275B (en) * 2009-10-09 2015-04-01 Senergy Holdings Ltd Well simulation
US8255194B2 (en) * 2009-12-02 2012-08-28 Seiko Epson Corporation Judiciously retreated finite element method for solving lubrication equation
CN102741855B (en) * 2010-02-12 2016-10-26 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 For the method and system by Parallel Simulation model division
US8463586B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2013-06-11 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Machine, program product, and computer-implemented method to simulate reservoirs as 2.5D unstructured grids
US9418180B2 (en) * 2010-07-26 2016-08-16 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for parallel multilevel simulation
EP2599031A4 (en) 2010-07-29 2014-01-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Methods and systems for machine-learning based simulation of flow
EP2599029A4 (en) 2010-07-29 2014-01-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Methods and systems for machine-learning based simulation of flow
US8433551B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2013-04-30 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Machine, computer program product and method to carry out parallel reservoir simulation
US8386227B2 (en) 2010-09-07 2013-02-26 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Machine, computer program product and method to generate unstructured grids and carry out parallel reservoir simulation
CA2814669A1 (en) 2010-11-23 2012-05-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Variable discretization method for flow simulation on complex geological models
US8583411B2 (en) * 2011-01-10 2013-11-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Scalable simulation of multiphase flow in a fractured subterranean reservoir as multiple interacting continua
US8994549B2 (en) * 2011-01-28 2015-03-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method of facilitating oilfield operations utilizing auditory information
BR112013026391A2 (en) * 2011-05-17 2016-12-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co method for partitioning parallel reservoir simulations in the presence of wells
WO2013135639A2 (en) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-19 Total Sa Method for simulating fluid flows, a computer program and a computer readable medium.
RU2593678C2 (en) * 2012-05-30 2016-08-10 Лэндмарк Графикс Корпорейшн System and method for optimising reservoir simulation modelling
CN102930589B (en) * 2012-09-29 2016-01-20 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 A kind of non-structural cartesian mesh intersection modification method
US20140236559A1 (en) 2013-02-18 2014-08-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for modeling complex wellbores in field-scale reservoir simulation
US9262560B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-02-16 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Automatic recovery of reservoir simulation runs from processing system failures
MX2016000151A (en) * 2013-07-02 2016-03-01 Landmark Graphics Corp 2.5d stadia meshing.
US9690885B2 (en) 2013-08-16 2017-06-27 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Interactive visualization of reservoir simulation data sets
WO2015035105A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Schlumberger Canada Limited Integrated oilfield asset modeling using multiple resolutions of reservoir detail
US20150113379A1 (en) * 2013-10-23 2015-04-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Representation of unstructured grids
US10417354B2 (en) * 2013-12-17 2019-09-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Model order reduction technique for discrete fractured network simulation
WO2015103494A1 (en) * 2014-01-03 2015-07-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Graph partitioning to distribute wells in parallel reservoir simulation
US10634814B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2020-04-28 Conocophillips Company Advanced parallel “many-core” framework for reservoir simulation
US9372766B2 (en) 2014-02-11 2016-06-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Circumventing load imbalance in parallel simulations caused by faulty hardware nodes
US10808501B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2020-10-20 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Modeling intersecting faults and complex wellbores in reservoir simulation
US10677960B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2020-06-09 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Generating unconstrained voronoi grids in a domain containing complex internal boundaries
US10454713B2 (en) * 2014-05-13 2019-10-22 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Domain decomposition using a multi-dimensional spacepartitioning tree
US10108762B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2018-10-23 International Business Machines Corporation Tunable miniaturized physical subsurface model for simulation and inversion
US20180010429A1 (en) * 2015-01-23 2018-01-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Control system and method of flowback operations for shale reservoirs
US10450825B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2019-10-22 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Time of arrival-based well partitioning and flow control
US10242136B2 (en) 2015-05-20 2019-03-26 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Parallel solution for fully-coupled fully-implicit wellbore modeling in reservoir simulation
AU2015399040A1 (en) 2015-06-17 2017-11-30 Landmark Graphics Corporation Model tuning using boundary flux sector surrogates
WO2017039680A1 (en) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Time-to-finish simulation forecaster
CA2993293A1 (en) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Simulators and simulation methods using adaptive domains
WO2018005214A1 (en) * 2016-06-28 2018-01-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Parallel multiscale reservoir simulation
WO2018136852A1 (en) * 2017-01-21 2018-07-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Scalable computation and communication methods for domain decomposition of large-scale numerical simulations
US20210165124A1 (en) * 2017-06-14 2021-06-03 Landmark Graphics Corporation Modeling Geological Strata Using Weighted Parameters
US11112514B2 (en) 2019-02-27 2021-09-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for computed resource hydrocarbon reservoir simulation and development
CA3166555A1 (en) 2020-02-04 2021-08-12 Philipp Eßer Method and device for automated operation of a plant for storing bulk material
DE102020201316A1 (en) 2020-02-04 2021-08-05 Thyssenkrupp Ag Method and device for the automated operation of a system for the storage of bulk goods
BE1028028B1 (en) 2020-02-04 2021-08-30 Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag Method and device for the automated operation of a system for the storage of bulk goods
US11261707B2 (en) * 2020-03-27 2022-03-01 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method and system for well assignment in a reservoir simulation based on well activity
US11681838B2 (en) * 2020-05-26 2023-06-20 Landmark Graphics Corporation Distributed Sequential Gaussian Simulation
CN112560366B (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-12-21 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计及测试技术研究所 Partitioning method of structural grid
US11846175B2 (en) * 2020-12-29 2023-12-19 Landmark Graphics Corporation Estimating reservoir production rates using machine learning models for wellbore operation control

Family Cites Families (209)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3017934A (en) * 1955-09-30 1962-01-23 Shell Oil Co Casing support
FR1594818A (en) * 1968-11-21 1970-06-08
US3720066A (en) * 1969-11-20 1973-03-13 Metalliques Entrepr Cie Fse Installations for submarine work
US3702009A (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-10-31 Continental Oil Co Simulation of pressure behavior in petroleum reservoirs
US3785437A (en) * 1972-10-04 1974-01-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Method for controlling formation permeability
US3858401A (en) * 1973-11-30 1975-01-07 Regan Offshore Int Flotation means for subsea well riser
GB1519203A (en) * 1974-10-02 1978-07-26 Chevron Res Marine risers in offshore drilling
US3992889A (en) 1975-06-09 1976-11-23 Regan Offshore International, Inc. Flotation means for subsea well riser
US4176986A (en) 1977-11-03 1979-12-04 Exxon Production Research Company Subsea riser and flotation means therefor
US4210964A (en) * 1978-01-17 1980-07-01 Shell Oil Company Dynamic visual display of reservoir simulator results
US4633446A (en) 1979-04-13 1986-12-30 Dresser Industries, Inc. Scrolling well logging data display method and apparatus
CA1136545A (en) 1979-09-28 1982-11-30 Neville E. Hale Buoyancy system for large scale underwater risers
FR2466606A1 (en) * 1979-10-05 1981-04-10 Aquitaine Canada PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM FROM A UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR BY GAS INJECTION
US4558438A (en) 1981-12-28 1985-12-10 Gulf Research & Development Company Method and apparatus for dynamically displaying geo-physical information
US4633447A (en) 1984-12-03 1986-12-30 Amoco Corporation Response waveform characterization of geophysical data
US4646840A (en) * 1985-05-02 1987-03-03 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Flotation riser
US4821164A (en) * 1986-07-25 1989-04-11 Stratamodel, Inc. Process for three-dimensional mathematical modeling of underground geologic volumes
US4715444A (en) 1986-10-27 1987-12-29 Atlantic Richfield Company Method for recovery of hydrocarbons
US5265040A (en) 1987-08-28 1993-11-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and device for displaying information on simulation result in a numerical simulation system
JP2635617B2 (en) 1987-09-29 1997-07-30 株式会社東芝 Method of generating orthogonal lattice points for evaluating semiconductor device characteristics
US5684723A (en) 1987-11-16 1997-11-04 Fujitsu Limited Device simulation method and device simulator
US4918643A (en) * 1988-06-21 1990-04-17 At&T Bell Laboratories Method and apparatus for substantially improving the throughput of circuit simulators
US5058012A (en) * 1989-02-07 1991-10-15 Marathon Oil Company Method of extrapolating reservoir performance
FR2652180B1 (en) 1989-09-20 1991-12-27 Mallet Jean Laurent METHOD FOR MODELING A SURFACE AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME.
US4969130A (en) 1989-09-29 1990-11-06 Scientific Software Intercomp, Inc. System for monitoring the changes in fluid content of a petroleum reservoir
US5202981A (en) * 1989-10-23 1993-04-13 International Business Machines Corporation Process and apparatus for manipulating a boundless data stream in an object oriented programming system
US5076357A (en) 1990-05-31 1991-12-31 Chevron Research & Technology Company Method of enhancing recovery of petroleum from an oil-bearing formation
IE69192B1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1996-08-21 Hitachi Europ Ltd A method of generating partial differential equations for simulation a simulation method and a method of generating simulation programs
US5305209A (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-04-19 Amoco Corporation Method for characterizing subterranean reservoirs
US5321612A (en) * 1991-02-26 1994-06-14 Swift Energy Company Method for exploring for hydrocarbons utilizing three dimensional modeling of thermal anomalies
US5466157A (en) 1991-06-12 1995-11-14 Atlantic Richfield Company Method of simulating a seismic survey
JP2956800B2 (en) 1991-09-19 1999-10-04 株式会社日立製作所 Computer system for simultaneous linear equations
US5307445A (en) * 1991-12-02 1994-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Query optimization by type lattices in object-oriented logic programs and deductive databases
US5794005A (en) * 1992-01-21 1998-08-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Synchronous parallel emulation and discrete event simulation system with self-contained simulation objects and active event objects
US5361385A (en) 1992-08-26 1994-11-01 Reuven Bakalash Parallel computing system for volumetric modeling, data processing and visualization
US5256171A (en) 1992-09-08 1993-10-26 Atlantic Richfield Company Slug flow mitigtion for production well fluid gathering system
US5913051A (en) * 1992-10-09 1999-06-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of simultaneous simulation of a complex system comprised of objects having structure state and parameter information
AU6161594A (en) 1993-02-26 1994-09-14 Taligent, Inc. Collaborative work system
US5442569A (en) * 1993-06-23 1995-08-15 Oceanautes Inc. Method and apparatus for system characterization and analysis using finite element methods
WO1995003586A1 (en) * 1993-07-21 1995-02-02 Persistence Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for generation of code for mapping relational data to objects
US5428744A (en) * 1993-08-30 1995-06-27 Taligent, Inc. Object-oriented system for building a graphic image on a display
US5657223A (en) 1994-06-03 1997-08-12 Exxon Production Research Company Method for seismic data processing using depth slice decomposition
US5632336A (en) * 1994-07-28 1997-05-27 Texaco Inc. Method for improving injectivity of fluids in oil reservoirs
FR2725814B1 (en) * 1994-10-18 1997-01-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR MAPPING BY INTERPOLATION, A NETWORK OF LINES, IN PARTICULAR THE CONFIGURATION OF GEOLOGICAL FAULTS
US5548798A (en) * 1994-11-10 1996-08-20 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for solving dense systems of linear equations with an iterative method that employs partial multiplications using rank compressed SVD basis matrices of the partitioned submatrices of the coefficient matrix
US5980096A (en) 1995-01-17 1999-11-09 Intertech Ventures, Ltd. Computer-based system, methods and graphical interface for information storage, modeling and stimulation of complex systems
US5914891A (en) * 1995-01-20 1999-06-22 Board Of Trustees, The Leland Stanford Junior University System and method for simulating operation of biochemical systems
US5740342A (en) * 1995-04-05 1998-04-14 Western Atlas International, Inc. Method for generating a three-dimensional, locally-unstructured hybrid grid for sloping faults
FR2734069B1 (en) * 1995-05-12 1997-07-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR PREDICTING, BY AN INVERSION TECHNIQUE, THE EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCTION OF AN UNDERGROUND DEPOSIT
JPH08320947A (en) * 1995-05-25 1996-12-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method and device for generating mesh for numerical analysis
US5711373A (en) * 1995-06-23 1998-01-27 Exxon Production Research Company Method for recovering a hydrocarbon liquid from a subterranean formation
US6266708B1 (en) * 1995-07-21 2001-07-24 International Business Machines Corporation Object oriented application program development framework mechanism
US5629845A (en) * 1995-08-17 1997-05-13 Liniger; Werner Parallel computation of the response of a physical system
US5757663A (en) * 1995-09-26 1998-05-26 Atlantic Richfield Company Hydrocarbon reservoir connectivity tool using cells and pay indicators
FR2739446B1 (en) 1995-09-28 1997-10-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR MEASURING WITH VERY PRECISION THE VARIATION IN VOLUME INTERVENING DURING THE MIXTURE OF FLUID PHASES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETERMINING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
US5710726A (en) 1995-10-10 1998-01-20 Atlantic Richfield Company Semi-compositional simulation of hydrocarbon reservoirs
US5706897A (en) * 1995-11-29 1998-01-13 Deep Oil Technology, Incorporated Drilling, production, test, and oil storage caisson
FR2742794B1 (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-01-30 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR MODELING THE EFFECTS OF WELL INTERACTIONS ON THE AQUEOUS FRACTION PRODUCED BY AN UNDERGROUND HYDROCARBON DEPOSIT
US6063128A (en) * 1996-03-06 2000-05-16 Bentley Systems, Incorporated Object-oriented computerized modeling system
US5838634A (en) 1996-04-04 1998-11-17 Exxon Production Research Company Method of generating 3-D geologic models incorporating geologic and geophysical constraints
FR2747490B1 (en) 1996-04-12 1998-05-22 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR GENERATING A 3D MESH RESPECTING THE GEOMETRY OF A BODY, WITH THE PURPOSE OF REALIZING A REPRESENTATIVE MODEL OF THIS BODY
US5819068A (en) 1996-05-31 1998-10-06 United Defense, Lp Temporally driven simulation engine
US20040139049A1 (en) * 1996-08-22 2004-07-15 Wgrs Licensing Company, Llc Unified geographic database and method of creating, maintaining and using the same
US5886702A (en) * 1996-10-16 1999-03-23 Real-Time Geometry Corporation System and method for computer modeling of 3D objects or surfaces by mesh constructions having optimal quality characteristics and dynamic resolution capabilities
US6014343A (en) * 1996-10-31 2000-01-11 Geoquest Automatic non-artificially extended fault surface based horizon modeling system
US5875285A (en) * 1996-11-22 1999-02-23 Chang; Hou-Mei Henry Object-oriented data mining and decision making system
US6128577A (en) 1996-12-19 2000-10-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Modeling geological structures and properties
US5905657A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-05-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Performing geoscience interpretation with simulated data
US6219440B1 (en) * 1997-01-17 2001-04-17 The University Of Connecticut Method and apparatus for modeling cellular structure and function
US5835882A (en) 1997-01-31 1998-11-10 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for determining barriers to reservoir flow
US5835883A (en) 1997-01-31 1998-11-10 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for determining distribution of reservoir permeability, porosity and pseudo relative permeability
FR2759473B1 (en) * 1997-02-12 1999-03-05 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR SIMPLIFYING THE REALIZATION OF A SIMULATION MODEL OF A PHYSICAL PROCESS IN A MATERIAL MEDIUM
US6018497A (en) * 1997-02-27 2000-01-25 Geoquest Method and apparatus for generating more accurate earth formation grid cell property information for use by a simulator to display more accurate simulation results of the formation near a wellbore
US6052650A (en) * 1997-02-27 2000-04-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Enforcing consistency in geoscience models
US6693553B1 (en) * 1997-06-02 2004-02-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Reservoir management system and method
US6106561A (en) * 1997-06-23 2000-08-22 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Simulation gridding method and apparatus including a structured areal gridder adapted for use by a reservoir simulator
FR2765708B1 (en) * 1997-07-04 1999-09-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR DETERMINING LARGE-SCALE REPRESENTATIVE HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF A CRACKED MEDIUM
US6195092B1 (en) * 1997-07-15 2001-02-27 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Software utility for creating and editing a multidimensional oil-well log graphics presentation
US5923867A (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-07-13 Adaptec, Inc. Object oriented simulation modeling
JP3050184B2 (en) * 1997-09-19 2000-06-12 日本電気株式会社 Tetrahedral lattice generation method and recording medium recording the program
US5864786A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-01-26 Western Atlas International, Inc. Approximate solution of dense linear systems
US6236894B1 (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-05-22 Atlantic Richfield Company Petroleum production optimization utilizing adaptive network and genetic algorithm techniques
US5953239A (en) * 1997-12-29 1999-09-14 Exa Corporation Computer simulation of physical processes
US6101477A (en) * 1998-01-23 2000-08-08 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for a travel-related multi-function smartcard
US6052520A (en) 1998-02-10 2000-04-18 Exxon Production Research Company Process for predicting behavior of a subterranean formation
US6101447A (en) 1998-02-12 2000-08-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Oil and gas reservoir production analysis apparatus and method
GB2336008B (en) 1998-04-03 2000-11-08 Schlumberger Holdings Simulation system including a simulator and a case manager adapted for organizing data files
WO1999057418A1 (en) 1998-05-04 1999-11-11 Schlumberger Evaluation & Production (Uk) Services Near wellbore modeling method and apparatus
US6453275B1 (en) * 1998-06-19 2002-09-17 Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum (Imec Vzw) Method for locally refining a mesh
US6313837B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2001-11-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Modeling at more than one level of resolution
US6662146B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2003-12-09 Landmark Graphics Corporation Methods for performing reservoir simulation
US6108608A (en) 1998-12-18 2000-08-22 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of estimating properties of a multi-component fluid using pseudocomponents
US6373489B1 (en) * 1999-01-12 2002-04-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Scalable visualization for interactive geometry modeling
US6201884B1 (en) 1999-02-16 2001-03-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for trend analysis in graphical information involving spatial data
US6665117B2 (en) 1999-05-06 2003-12-16 Conocophillips Company Method and apparatus for interactive curved surface borehole interpretation and visualization
US6230101B1 (en) * 1999-06-03 2001-05-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Simulation method and apparatus
US6826520B1 (en) 1999-06-24 2004-11-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of upscaling permeability for unstructured grids
US6266619B1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2001-07-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. System and method for real time reservoir management
US6853921B2 (en) * 1999-07-20 2005-02-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. System and method for real time reservoir management
FR2798197B1 (en) 1999-09-02 2001-10-05 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR FORMING A MODEL OF A GEOLOGICAL FORMATION, CONSTRAINED BY DYNAMIC AND STATIC DATA
US6549879B1 (en) 1999-09-21 2003-04-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Determining optimal well locations from a 3D reservoir model
CA2385025C (en) 1999-09-28 2009-11-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for determining a property of a hydrocarbon-bearing formation
US6408249B1 (en) * 1999-09-28 2002-06-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for determining a property of a hydrocarbon-bearing formation
US7006959B1 (en) 1999-10-12 2006-02-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and system for simulating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation
EP1247238A1 (en) 1999-10-13 2002-10-09 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Petroleum reservoir simulation and characterization system and method
US6826483B1 (en) 1999-10-13 2004-11-30 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Petroleum reservoir simulation and characterization system and method
US6633837B1 (en) 1999-10-14 2003-10-14 Object Reservoir Method and system for generating software code using a symbolic language translator
US6480790B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2002-11-12 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Process for constructing three-dimensional geologic models having adjustable geologic interfaces
FR2801710B1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2002-05-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR GENERATING A HYBRID MESH FOR MODELING A HETEROGENEOUS FORMATION CROSSED BY ONE OR MORE WELLS
US6928399B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2005-08-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method and program for simulating a physical system using object-oriented programming
FR2802324B1 (en) * 1999-12-10 2004-07-23 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR GENERATING A MESH ON A HETEROGENEOUS FORMATION CROSSED BY ONE OR MORE GEOMETRIC DISCONTINUITIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING SIMULATIONS
US6305216B1 (en) 1999-12-21 2001-10-23 Production Testing Services Method and apparatus for predicting the fluid characteristics in a well hole
US6980940B1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2005-12-27 Schlumberger Technology Corp. Intergrated reservoir optimization
US6370491B1 (en) 2000-04-04 2002-04-09 Conoco, Inc. Method of modeling of faulting and fracturing in the earth
BR0110389B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2012-12-11 Method for monitoring hydrocarbon and water production from different sections or production zones in a hydrocarbon reservoir and / or injection wells and detecting different phenomena.
NO309884B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2001-04-09 Sinvent As Reservoir monitoring using chemically intelligent release of tracers
FR2809494B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2002-07-12 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR MODELING FLOWS IN A FRACTURE MEDIUM CROSSED BY LARGE FRACTURES
FR2810736B1 (en) 2000-06-23 2002-09-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR EVALUATING PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF A SUBTERRANEAN DEPOSIT FROM ROCK DEBRIS COLLECTED THEREIN
US6674432B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2004-01-06 Object Reservoir, Inc. Method and system for modeling geological structures using an unstructured four-dimensional mesh
US7369973B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2008-05-06 Object Reservoir, Inc. Method and system for representing reservoir systems
FR2811430B1 (en) 2000-07-10 2002-09-06 Inst Francais Du Petrole MODELING METHOD FOR PREDICTING AS A FUNCTION OF TIME THE DETAILED COMPOSITION OF FLUIDS PROVIDED BY AN UNDERGROUND DEPOSIT DURING PRODUCTION
GB0017227D0 (en) 2000-07-14 2000-08-30 Schlumberger Ind Ltd Fully coupled geomechanics in a commerical reservoir simulator
US6801197B2 (en) 2000-09-08 2004-10-05 Landmark Graphics Corporation System and method for attaching drilling information to three-dimensional visualizations of earth models
US6585044B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2003-07-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method, system and tool for reservoir evaluation and well testing during drilling operations
US6631202B2 (en) * 2000-12-08 2003-10-07 Landmark Graphics Corporation Method for aligning a lattice of points in response to features in a digital image
US7761270B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2010-07-20 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Co. Computer system and method having a facility management logic architecture
US7277836B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2007-10-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Computer system and method having a facility network architecture
US6668922B2 (en) 2001-02-16 2003-12-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method of optimizing the design, stimulation and evaluation of matrix treatment in a reservoir
US6751558B2 (en) 2001-03-13 2004-06-15 Conoco Inc. Method and process for prediction of subsurface fluid and rock pressures in the earth
FR2823877B1 (en) 2001-04-19 2004-12-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR CONSTRAINING BY DYNAMIC PRODUCTION DATA A FINE MODEL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DISTRIBUTION IN THE DEPOSIT OF A CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICAL SIZE OF THE BASEMENT STRUCTURE
EP1389259B1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2005-11-23 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Method for enhancing production allocation in an integrated reservoir and surface flow system
US6989841B2 (en) * 2001-05-29 2006-01-24 Fairfield Industries, Inc. Visualization method for the analysis of prestack and poststack seismic data
US7797139B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2010-09-14 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Optimized cycle length system and method for improving performance of oil wells
US6694264B2 (en) * 2001-12-19 2004-02-17 Earth Science Associates, Inc. Method and system for creating irregular three-dimensional polygonal volume models in a three-dimensional geographic information system
FR2837572B1 (en) * 2002-03-20 2004-05-28 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR MODELING HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION FROM A SUBTERRANEAN DEPOSITION SUBJECT TO DEPLETION
US7076505B2 (en) * 2002-07-11 2006-07-11 Metrobot Llc Method, apparatus, and computer program product for providing a graphical user interface with a linear map component
US7295706B2 (en) 2002-07-12 2007-11-13 Chroma Group, Inc. Pattern recognition applied to graphic imaging
MXPA05005466A (en) 2002-11-23 2006-02-22 Schlumberger Technology Corp Method and system for integrated reservoir and surface facility networks simulations.
US7526953B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2009-05-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for the downhole characterization of formation fluids
US7181380B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2007-02-20 Geomechanics International, Inc. System and process for optimal selection of hydrocarbon well completion type and design
US6823297B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2004-11-23 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Multi-scale finite-volume method for use in subsurface flow simulation
FR2853101B1 (en) 2003-03-28 2005-05-06 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD OF PSEUDOIZATION AND DECLINE TO DESCRIBE HYDROCARBON FLUIDS
US7835893B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2010-11-16 Landmark Graphics Corporation Method and system for scenario and case decision management
CN1820247B (en) 2003-05-07 2010-05-12 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 Compositional modeling and pyrolysis data analysis methods
US20050273298A1 (en) 2003-05-22 2005-12-08 Xoomsys, Inc. Simulation of systems
US7096122B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2006-08-22 Dianli Han Method for producing full field radial grid for hydrocarbon reservoir simulation
WO2005020044A1 (en) 2003-08-26 2005-03-03 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Innervated stochastic controller for real time business decision-making support
CN100590637C (en) * 2003-09-30 2010-02-17 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 Characterizing connectivity in reservoir models using paths of least resistance
US7725302B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2010-05-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and system and program storage device for generating an SWPM-MDT workflow in response to a user objective and executing the workflow to produce a reservoir response model
US20050165555A1 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated 3-D visualized data set for all types of reservoir data
FR2869116B1 (en) 2004-04-14 2006-06-09 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A GEOMECHANICAL MODEL OF A SUBTERRANEAN ZONE FOR TORQUE TO A RESERVOIR MODEL
FR2870621B1 (en) 2004-05-21 2006-10-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR GENERATING A THREE-DIMENSIONALLY THREADED HYBRID MESH OF A HETEROGENEOUS FORMATION CROSSED BY ONE OR MORE GEOMETRIC DISCONTINUITIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING SIMULATIONS
US7627461B2 (en) 2004-05-25 2009-12-01 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method for field scale production optimization by enhancing the allocation of well flow rates
WO2005119304A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-15 Earth Decision Sciences Method for building a three dimensional cellular partition of a geological domain
US20080167849A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2008-07-10 Brigham Young University Reservoir Simulation
US7672825B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2010-03-02 Shell Oil Company Closed loop control system for controlling production of hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation
US7526418B2 (en) * 2004-08-12 2009-04-28 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Highly-parallel, implicit compositional reservoir simulator for multi-million-cell models
FR2874706B1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-12-01 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD OF MODELING THE PRODUCTION OF A PETROLEUM DEPOSITION
FR2875305B1 (en) * 2004-09-16 2006-10-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR GENERATING A RESERVOIR MODEL ON FLEXIBLE MESH
US7809537B2 (en) 2004-10-15 2010-10-05 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Generalized well management in parallel reservoir simulation
US7225078B2 (en) 2004-11-03 2007-05-29 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method and system for predicting production of a well
US7617082B2 (en) 2004-11-29 2009-11-10 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method, system and program storage device for simulating fluid flow in a physical system using a dynamic composition based extensible object-oriented architecture
US7596480B2 (en) 2005-04-14 2009-09-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Solution method and apparatus for large-scale simulation of layered formations
US7516056B2 (en) 2005-04-26 2009-04-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus, method and system for improved reservoir simulation using a multiplicative overlapping Schwarz preconditioning for adaptive implicit linear systems
FR2886743B1 (en) 2005-06-02 2007-07-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR SIMULATING FLUID FLOWS WITHIN A RESERVOIR USING CHIMERE-TYPE DISCRETISATION
EA011908B1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2009-06-30 Лоджинд Б.В. Apparatus, method and system for improved reservoir simulation using an algebraic cascading class linear solver
EP1915721A4 (en) 2005-06-28 2010-09-22 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co High-level graphical programming language and tool for well management programming
FR2890453B1 (en) 2005-09-05 2007-10-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR UPDATING A GEOLOGICAL RESERVOIR MODEL USING DYNAMIC DATA
US7369979B1 (en) 2005-09-12 2008-05-06 John Paul Spivey Method for characterizing and forecasting performance of wells in multilayer reservoirs having commingled production
FR2894672B1 (en) 2005-12-12 2008-01-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR DETERMINING ACID GAS STORAGE CAPABILITIES OF A GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT USING A MULTIPHASIC REACTIVE TRANSPORT MODEL
US9020793B2 (en) 2005-12-22 2015-04-28 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method, system and program storage device for reservoir simulation utilizing heavy oil solution gas drive
US7809538B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2010-10-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Real time monitoring and control of thermal recovery operations for heavy oil reservoirs
US7610251B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2009-10-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Well control systems and associated methods
US7660711B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2010-02-09 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Automated event monitoring system for online reservoir simulation
US7620534B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2009-11-17 Saudi Aramco Sound enabling computerized system for real time reservoir model calibration using field surveillance data
US7254091B1 (en) 2006-06-08 2007-08-07 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd. Method for estimating and/or reducing uncertainty in reservoir models of potential petroleum reservoirs
US7516016B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2009-04-07 Demartini David C Method for improving prediction of the viability of potential petroleum reservoirs
WO2007149766A2 (en) * 2006-06-18 2007-12-27 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Reservoir simulation using a multi-scale finite volume including black oil modeling
US7657494B2 (en) 2006-09-20 2010-02-02 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method for forecasting the production of a petroleum reservoir utilizing genetic programming
US7877246B2 (en) 2006-09-22 2011-01-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for performing oilfield simulation operations
US7925482B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2011-04-12 Object Reservoir, Inc. Method and system for modeling and predicting hydraulic fracture performance in hydrocarbon reservoirs
US7774184B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2010-08-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Brownfield workflow and production forecast tool
US8131526B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2012-03-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for evaluating petroleum reservoir using forward modeling
US8775141B2 (en) 2007-07-02 2014-07-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for performing oilfield simulation operations
FR2919932B1 (en) 2007-08-06 2009-12-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR EVALUATING A PRODUCTION SCHEME FOR UNDERGROUND GROWTH, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT UNCERTAINTIES
CA2690992C (en) 2007-08-24 2014-07-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for predicting well reliability by computer simulation
CA2690991C (en) 2007-08-24 2013-12-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for multi-scale geomechanical model analysis by computer simulation
US20100132450A1 (en) 2007-09-13 2010-06-03 Pomerantz Andrew E Methods for optimizing petroleum reservoir analysis
US7660673B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2010-02-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Coarse wellsite analysis for field development planning
AU2008330068B8 (en) 2007-11-27 2013-11-21 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for determining the properties of hydrocarbon reservoirs from geophysical data
WO2009075946A1 (en) 2007-12-13 2009-06-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Iterative reservior surveillance
US8240378B2 (en) 2008-01-23 2012-08-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole characterization of formation fluid as a function of temperature
US7920970B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2011-04-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for characterization of petroleum fluid and applications thereof
US7822554B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2010-10-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for analysis of downhole compositional gradients and applications thereof
US8180578B2 (en) 2008-02-20 2012-05-15 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Multi-component multi-phase fluid analysis using flash method
US8794316B2 (en) 2008-04-02 2014-08-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Refracture-candidate evaluation and stimulation methods
US8504335B2 (en) 2008-04-17 2013-08-06 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Robust optimization-based decision support tool for reservoir development planning
FR2930350B1 (en) 2008-04-17 2011-07-15 Inst Francais Du Petrole PROCESS FOR SEARCHING FOR HYDROCARBONS IN A GEOLOGICALLY COMPLEX BASIN USING BASIN MODELING
US8793111B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2014-07-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Automated field development planning
EP2291761A4 (en) 2008-04-18 2013-01-16 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Markov decision process-based decision support tool for reservoir development planning
EP2291799A4 (en) 2008-04-21 2013-01-16 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Stochastic programming-based decision support tool for reservoir development planning
WO2009139949A1 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs using design of experiments methods
US8095349B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2012-01-10 Kelkar And Associates, Inc. Dynamic updating of simulation models
US8165986B2 (en) 2008-12-09 2012-04-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and system for real time production management and reservoir characterization
US20100250215A1 (en) 2009-03-30 2010-09-30 Object Reservoir, Inc. Methods of modeling flow of gas within a reservoir
US8589135B2 (en) 2009-05-07 2013-11-19 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems, computer implemented methods, and computer readable program products to compute approximate well drainage pressure for a reservoir simulator
FR2945879B1 (en) 2009-05-20 2011-06-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR OPERATING A POROUS MEDIUM USING MODELING FLUID FLOWS
FR2947345B1 (en) 2009-06-26 2011-07-15 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR MODIFYING FACIAL PROPORTIONS WHEN SETTING HISTORY OF A GEOLOGICAL MODEL
US8548743B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2013-10-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus to monitor reformation and replacement of CO2/CH4 gas hydrates

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103097657A (en) * 2010-09-07 2013-05-08 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 Machine, computer program product and method to generate unstructured grids and carry out parallel reservoir simulation
CN103097657B (en) * 2010-09-07 2015-05-27 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 Machine and method to generate unstructured grids and carry out parallel reservoir simulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8725481B2 (en) 2014-05-13
CN101896690B (en) 2015-02-18
CN101896690A (en) 2010-11-24
BRPI0820870A2 (en) 2015-06-16
WO2009075945A1 (en) 2009-06-18
CA2702965C (en) 2014-04-01
EP2247820A1 (en) 2010-11-10
US20100217574A1 (en) 2010-08-26
US20130246030A1 (en) 2013-09-19
US8437996B2 (en) 2013-05-07
EP2247820A4 (en) 2016-02-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2702965C (en) Parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid
EP2534605B1 (en) Method and system for partitioning parallel simulation models
EP2599028B1 (en) Method and system for parallel multilevel simulation
US10282496B2 (en) Graph partitioning to distribute wells in parallel reservoir simulation
US9864098B2 (en) Method and system of interactive drill center and well planning evaluation and optimization
US9396162B2 (en) Method and apparatus for estimating the state of a system
RU2573746C2 (en) Systems and methods for well performance forecasting
AU2011283192B2 (en) Methods and systems for machine-learning based simulation of flow
EP2856316B1 (en) Reservoir simulation with scalable grid computing
US20140236558A1 (en) Method For Partitioning Parallel Reservoir Simulations In the Presence of Wells
AU2011283193A1 (en) Methods and systems for machine-learning based simulation of flow
AU2011283191A1 (en) Methods and systems for machine-learning based simulation of flow
CN109964151B (en) Parallel reservoir simulation with accelerated aquifer computation
AU2011283190A1 (en) Methods and systems for machine-learning based simulation of flow
US20160319627A1 (en) Time of arrival-based well partitioning and flow control
EP2096469A1 (en) Parallel adaptive data partitioning on a reservoir simulation using an unstructured grid
WO2018134635A1 (en) Designing a geological simulation grid
Farahi et al. Model-based production optimization under geological and economic uncertainties using multi-objective particle swarm method
Gerritsen et al. Parallel implementations of streamline simulators
Kuvichko et al. Hpc-based optimal well placement
Moreno Workflow to Enable Effective Uncertaimty Propagation and Decreasing Bias on Predictive Models Used For Field Development Decisions

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20130913

MKLA Lapsed

Effective date: 20201020