CN103198447A - Wind arrow field real-time measuring method based on satellite cloud pictures - Google Patents
Wind arrow field real-time measuring method based on satellite cloud pictures Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind arrow field real-time measuring method based on satellite cloud pictures, and belongs to the field of image processing and sports estimation. The wind arrow field real-time measuring method based on the satellite cloud pictures solves the problem that a prior model is complex in calculation, not strong in real-time performance, and not high in algorithm searching efficiency. Earth temperature data which are detected are converted to gray scale data, the gray scale data are converted to longitude-latitude data, and then the longitude-latitude data are converted to image coordinates, and satellite cloud picture data are displayed in an image form. Satellite cloud pictures of three continuous times are compared, block matching is conducted on the satellite cloud pictures, and then different searching methods are selected according to real-time performance requirements, and longitude of a wind arrow field, latitude of the wind arrow field, and the direction of the wind arrow field are confirmed. Data preprocessing and a searching result are synthesized so as to further acquire a gray scale of each wind arrow, the temperature of the each wind arrow, and a barometric surface where the each wind arrow is located. Finally, general circulation of atmosphere and medium-and-long-term weather forecasts can be observed according to positions of the wind arrow field on the satellite cloud pictures, the size of the wind arrow field, the direction of the wind arrow field, and the barometric surface where the each wind arrow is located. The wind arrow field real-time measuring method based on the satellite cloud pictures avoids complex calculation when large-data-volume image processing of the satellite cloud pictures is conducted, is high in practicality, and improves system execution efficiency of a system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind arrow field based on satellite cloud picture than hard real-time efficient metric method, belong to image and handle and field of motion estimation.
Background technology
Satellite cloud picture plays an important role in the research of grasping general circulation, medium-term and long-term weather forecast and diastrous weather.The temperature data that it surveys the earth sky by the infrared detecting set on the geostationary satellite converts gradation data again to and is made.Cloud mark wind is to global weather and typhoon analysis and the pre-initial wind field data of numerical value is provided all is very important.Cloud mark wind has become a kind of important Satellite Product at present.It can be used as the updates that observational network conventional wind in land is measured, and in the ocean, survey stations such as plateau, desert are rare or do not have the survey station area, it is main or unique wind information source.Cloud mark wind data extensively model be applied to synoptic meteorology researchs such as typhoon, heavy rain and flood, mesoscale synoptic analysis, domestic scholars also spells out, the clear details that vivo shows the weather system development and change of cloud mark wind energy, in the numerical value weather analysis and forecasting, have wide application prospect, settle in an area analysis and prediction, typhoon scope and tropical cyclone of heavy rain shifted to aspects such as forecast important indicative significance is arranged.
At present, motion estimation techniques has become very important ingredient in the digital image processing field.Scientific workers have proposed a variety of Video Motion Estimation algorithms, for example bayes method, PRA, optical flow method and Block Matching Algorithm etc.Block Matching Algorithm is simply effective, meets the real-time requirement that image is handled, and the calculated amount that needs is also less relatively.Wherein, self-adaptation cross search ARPS (adaptive rood pattern search) algorithm can improve the efficient of estimation greatly with respect to full-search algorithm, and has kept certain precision at estimated quality.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of real-time measure in wind arrow field based on satellite cloud picture, in order to solve existing model calculation of complex, problem such as software and hardware is realized difficulty, and real-time is not strong, and searching algorithm efficient is not high.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of real-time measure in wind arrow field based on satellite cloud picture, the specific implementation process of the real-time measure in described wind arrow field is:
Step 1, the pre-service of satellite sounding data are converted to gradation data with the global warming data that detect, and gradation data are converted to the longitude and latitude data again, then the longitude and latitude data are converted to image coordinate, and the satellite cloud picture data are shown with image format;
The satellite cloud picture of three continuous times of step 2, contrast after piece coupling (utilizing the SAD matching criterior to mate), is selected different searching methods according to the real-time demand, determines wind arrow field longitude and latitude and direction;
Step 3, integrated data pre-service and Search Results further obtain the gray scale of each wind arrow, temperature and place isopressure surface thereof;
Step 4, final by observing the position of wind arrow field on satellite cloud picture, size and Orientation and place isopressure surface thereof can be observed general circulation and medium-term and long-term weather forecast.
In step 1, when gradation data is converted to the longitude and latitude data, as the x axle, be z axle with arctic direction with satellite and the earth's core line, according to right-hand screw rule, set up the y axle; If the earth is desirable ellipsoid, the satellite sounding data file is 2288 * 2288 gray-scale value matrix, on the corresponding earth of each element of matrix or an extraterrestrial sensing point (or claim sampled point); The substar of satellite is at east longitude 86.5 degree, and north latitude 0 degree, the matrix element of substar correspondence are positioned at the 1145th row and the 1145th row intersection of matrix.
The detailed process of determining wind arrow field longitude and latitude and direction in step 2 is:
Step 2 (1), three continuous time satellite cloud pictures of contrast:
Get continuous three static cloud atlas, cloud atlas wind vector constantly in the middle of finding the solution, with the previous moment be reference picture, a later moment is correcting image; The size of match block is 16 * 16, and the region of search is 64 * 64, guarantees that each pixel can both searchedly arrive, and does not repeat; The absolute error coupling of at every turn being sued for peace in 1 location of pixels of template translation and the field of search during scanning;
Step 2 (2), block matching motion are estimated, utilize the SAD matching criterior to carry out:
The summation absolute error:
Wherein, u, v represent prediction piece in the reference picture and the current block in the present image at the skew of level and vertical direction ,-p≤u, v≤p; M, n represent level and the vertical coordinate of certain pixel in the current block; f
k(m n) represents the gray-scale value of certain pixel of current block, f
K-1(m+u, n+v) gray-scale value of the respective pixel of representative prediction piece; P represents folk prescription to the maximum search distance, M, and N represents macroblock size; The sad value of varying level and vertical shift relatively, the minimum match block that is in all sad values;
Step 2 (3), application self-adapting search are found the solution the wind arrow field, and the key step of self-adaptation cross searching algorithm is as follows:
1) if current macro be first macro block of present frame, then with it as the search starting point, jump to the 5th) step;
2) if current macro is positioned at the top line of frame, get the motion vector of left side macro block as the candidate search starting point; If be positioned at the left column of frame, the motion vector of getting top macro block is the candidate search starting point, jumps to the 4th) step;
3) otherwise, above getting and the mean value of left side macroblock motion vector as the candidate search starting point;
4) calculating with candidate search starting point and first macro block respectively is the sad value of starting point, gets the smaller as the initial value of minimum SAD, is designated as M
SAD, corresponding point is as actual search starting point;
5) carry out spiral search in next circle, calculate the sad value of every bit, the first lap step-size in search is got 1, the step-size in search of other circle gets 2;
If in calculating just greater than M
SAD, withdraw from calculating, search for down a bit, otherwise calculate SAD fully;
If current SAD＜M
SAD, then it is composed and gives M
SAD, and put this circle M
SADUpdating mark F is 1;
6) when this circle search end, if F=1 forwards the 5th to) step; Otherwise continue the 7th) step;
7) finish spiral search, if current optimal match point is initial search point, continue the 8th) step; Otherwise, in not 4 points of search (when it is positioned at second circle, being 3 points) further search of do around it, continue the 8th then) and the step;
8) by the 7th) carry out little search pattern search centered by the optimal match point that obtains of step, find and the immediate macro block of match block, determine wind arrow field longitude and latitude and direction by this macro block.
In step 3 and four, come rough estimate to calculate cloud-top height by the infrared cloud image cloud-top temperature according to the atmospheric temperature Vertical Profile, can draw the barometer altitude estimated value of cloud mark wind arrow representative, and utilize the log-linear interpolation method, set up the relation between temperature T and the pressure P:
T＝a+blnP (2)
Wherein
Wherein, (t
1, p
1), (t
2, p
2) be two known temperature pressure points.
In the described geocentric coordinate system, the earth can be considered desirable ellipsoid, satellite sounding to the earth near the gray-scale value matrix be known, known substar is at east longitude 86.5 degree, north latitude 0 degree, the matrix element of substar correspondence are positioned at the 1145th row and the 1145th row intersection of matrix.
Described two wind arrows have four indexs: the direction of the latitude of starting point, longitude, wind arrow, size.Use block matching algorithm to find the solution block motion vector, and then can try to achieve wind vectors.Simultaneously, spend to north latitude 40 degree at south latitude 40, east longitude 46 degree calculate the number of whole non-zero wind arrows to the 126 degree scopes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method realize to use the self-adaptation cross searching algorithm high-level efficiency of block matching algorithm to find the solution motion vector, and then tries to achieve wind vectors, for global weather and typhoon analysis and numerical forecasting is provided all is very important.The inventive method has to be had than hard real-time, advantage such as efficient.
The satellite cloud picture that the inventive method is surveyed at geo-synchronous orbit satellite has proposed a kind ofly to determine the method for satellite cloud picture wind arrow field efficiently than hard real time ground, is the prerequisite work of grasping general circulation and medium-term and long-term weather forecast.Calculation of complex when the present invention has avoided the satellite cloud picture images with large data volume to handle, problem such as real-time is not strong has improved the execution efficient of system, and treatment effect is preferably arranged.The present invention is in the wind arrow gauge block matching process based on satellite cloud picture, and application self-adapting cross searching algorithm is efficiently found the solution, and whether successfully to detect coupling by threshold value is set, and has reached the efficient purpose that obtains the wind vector of satellite cloud picture in real time.
In the piece matching process, can determine window size and hunting zone adaptively.In order to take into account real-time and accuracy, predict the motion vector of current macro with the motion vector of known macro block, with the large search pattern at the center, region of search and around eight some places mate calculating, find the cost function smallest point, thereby realize adaptive search pattern.
This paper is by the prediction of search starting point, make the initial motion vectors of current block might be near its final motion vector, simply and effectively image is classified according to image local feature then and select suitable search pattern, can carry out adaptive search according to the type of motion, the stop criterion of employing search at last guarantees that Search Results has enough precision when finishing near the starting point of this prediction, thereby realizes the motion-vector search quick, even, that precision is high.
Concrete advantage mainly shows as the following aspects:
1. the method by piece coupling is to the satellite cloud picture modeling of cloud wind-guiding, and utilizes efficiently self-adaptation cross search procedure to deal with problems;
2. Block Matching Algorithm is simply effective, meets the real-time requirement that image is handled, and the calculated amount that needs is also less relatively.
3. the search of self-adaptation cross can improve the efficient of estimation greatly, and has kept certain precision at estimated quality.
4. in the numerical value weather analysis and forecasting, have wide application prospect, settle in an area analysis and prediction, typhoon scope and tropical cyclone of heavy rain shifted to aspects such as forecast important indicative significance is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the workflow synoptic diagram of the inventive method; Fig. 2 is the satellite cloud picture of earth surface; Fig. 3 is cloud wind-guiding piece coupling synoptic diagram; Fig. 4 is self-adaptation cross search procedure process flow diagram; Fig. 5 is temperature and air pressure graph of a relation; Fig. 6-1 is for being cloud wind-guiding figure before proofreading and correct; Fig. 6-2 is for proofreading and correct back cloud wind-guiding figure; Fig. 7 is for amplifying the preceding upper left synoptic diagram of cloud wind-guiding of post-equalization; Fig. 8 is the upper left synoptic diagram of cloud wind-guiding behind the amplification post-equalization.
Embodiment
Clearer for what technical scheme advantage of the present invention was described, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, obvious described embodiment is part embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiments of the invention can be expanded on this basis, under the situation of overall architecture unanimity, be obtained more prioritization schemes.According to embodiments of the invention, the ordinary skill high-ranking official of this area can realize every other embodiment of the present invention on without the basis of creative work, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention, and as shown in Figure 1, this flow process may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the pre-service of satellite sounding data, the global warming data that detect are converted to gradation data, again gradation data is converted to the longitude and latitude data, then the longitude and latitude data are converted to image coordinate, the satellite cloud picture data are shown with image format.
Step 2: as shown in Figure 3, suppose that translation motion only takes place cloud mass, A is cloud mass t
1The position at moment cloud atlas place, C is t
2The cloud atlas position is example with the x direction constantly, and modules A is at Δ t=t
2-t
1The displacement in the time interval can be described as X=x
0+ x ', wherein x
0Represent integral multiple pixel displacement air quantity, x ' is the sub-pix displacement component, namely | x ' |＞1 pixel dimension.
Utilize correlation method in the region of search of second width of cloth cloud atlas, to seek the matching module of object module A, obtain module B, according to both position difference computes integer times pixel displacement x
0If A module and B module are mated fully, think then not have the sub-pix displacement that cloud mass is V=x in the point-to-point speed of x direction
0/ Δ t, otherwise, think that the difference of two modules is produced by the sub-pix displacement of cloud mass, can further utilize the Fourier phase analytic approach that modules A and B are carried out spectrum analysis, according to the displacement of phase difference calculating sub-pix, with x
0And obtain point-to-point speed V ' after the x ' merging
x=(x
0+ x ')/Δ t.In like manner, displacement and the speed that can calculate the y direction is respectively Y=y
0+ y ', V '
y=(y
0+ y ')/Δ t.
Step 3: summation absolute error coupling, the summation absolute error:
Wherein, u, v represent prediction piece in the reference picture and the current block in the present image at the skew of level and vertical direction ,-p≤u, v≤p; M, n represent level and the vertical coordinate of certain pixel in the current block; f
k(m n) represents the gray-scale value of certain pixel of current block, f
K-1(m+u, n+v) gray-scale value of the respective pixel of representative prediction piece.P represents folk prescription to the maximum search distance, M, and N represents macroblock size.The sad value of varying level and vertical shift relatively, the minimum match block that is in all sad values.
Step 4: by the prediction of search starting point, make the initial motion vectors of current block might be near its final motion vector, simply and effectively image is classified according to image local feature then and select suitable search pattern, can carry out adaptive search according to the type of motion, adopt the search stop criterion to guarantee that Search Results has enough precision when finishing near the starting point of this prediction at last, thereby realize the motion-vector search quick, even, that precision is high, shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 6-1 and 6-2.
Step 5: represented the relation between temperature and the air pressure as shown in Figure 5.Make the log-linear interpolation formula be by this figure
T＝a+blnP(2)
Respectively with (t
1, lnp
1) and (t
2, lnp
2) bring formula (2) into and can get
t
1＝a+blnp
1，t
2＝a+blnp
2(3)
Separating these two equations can get
Can be got by formula (2)
Can find the isopressure surface at non-zero wind arrow place by this kind method.
Step 6: final by observing the position of wind arrow field on satellite cloud picture, size and Orientation and place isopressure surface thereof can be observed general circulation and medium-term and long-term weather forecast.
Claims (4)
1. real-time measure in wind arrow field based on satellite cloud picture, it is characterized in that: the specific implementation process of the real-time measure in described wind arrow field is:
Step 1, the pre-service of satellite sounding data are converted to gradation data with the global warming data that detect, and gradation data are converted to the longitude and latitude data again, then the longitude and latitude data are converted to image coordinate, and the satellite cloud picture data are shown with image format;
The satellite cloud picture of three continuous times of step 2, contrast by after the piece coupling, is selected different searching methods according to the real-time demand, determines wind arrow field longitude and latitude and direction;
Step 3, integrated data pre-service and Search Results further obtain the gray scale of each wind arrow, temperature and place isopressure surface thereof;
Step 4, final by observing the position of wind arrow field on satellite cloud picture, size and Orientation and place isopressure surface thereof can be observed general circulation and medium-term and long-term weather forecast.
2. the real-time measure in wind arrow field based on satellite cloud picture according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
In the step 1, when gradation data is converted to the longitude and latitude data, as the x axle, be z axle with arctic direction with satellite and the earth's core line, according to right-hand screw rule, set up the y axle; If the earth is desirable ellipsoid, the satellite sounding data file is 2288 * 2288 gray-scale value matrix, on the corresponding earth of each element of matrix or an extraterrestrial sensing point; The substar of satellite is at east longitude 86.5 degree, and north latitude 0 degree, the matrix element of substar correspondence are positioned at the 1145th row and the 1145th row intersection of matrix.
3. the real-time measure in wind arrow field based on satellite cloud picture according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the detailed process of determining wind arrow field longitude and latitude and direction in the step 2 is:
Step 2 (1), three continuous time satellite cloud pictures of contrast:
Get continuous three static cloud atlas, cloud atlas wind vector constantly in the middle of finding the solution, with the previous moment be reference picture, a later moment is correcting image; The size of match block is 16 * 16, and the region of search is 64 * 64, guarantees that each pixel can both searchedly arrive, and does not repeat; The absolute error coupling of at every turn being sued for peace in 1 location of pixels of template translation and the field of search during scanning;
Step 2 (2), block matching motion are estimated, utilize the SAD matching criterior to carry out:
The summation absolute error:
Wherein, u, v represent prediction piece in the reference picture and the current block in the present image at the skew of level and vertical direction ,-p≤u, v≤p; M, n represent level and the vertical coordinate of certain pixel in the current block; f
k(m n) represents the gray-scale value of certain pixel of current block, f
K-1(m+u, n+v) gray-scale value of the respective pixel of representative prediction piece; P represents folk prescription to the maximum search distance, M, and N represents macroblock size; The sad value of varying level and vertical shift relatively, the minimum match block that is in all sad values;
Step 2 (3), application self-adapting search are found the solution the wind arrow field, and the key step of self-adaptation cross searching algorithm is as follows:
1) if current macro be first macro block of present frame, then with it as the search starting point, jump to the 5th) step;
2) if current macro is positioned at the top line of frame, get the motion vector of left side macro block as the candidate search starting point; If be positioned at the left column of frame, the motion vector of getting top macro block is the candidate search starting point, jumps to the 4th) step;
3) otherwise, above getting and the mean value of left side macroblock motion vector as the candidate search starting point;
4) calculating with candidate search starting point and first macro block respectively is the sad value of starting point, gets the smaller as the initial value of minimum SAD, is designated as M
SAD, corresponding point is as actual search starting point;
5) carry out spiral search in next circle, calculate the sad value of every bit, the first lap step-size in search is got 1, the step-size in search of other circle gets 2;
If in calculating just greater than M
SAD, withdraw from calculating, search for down a bit, otherwise calculate SAD fully;
If current SAD＜M
SAD, then it is composed and gives M
SAD, and put this circle M
SADUpdating mark F is 1;
6) when this circle search end, if F=1 forwards the 5th to) step; Otherwise continue the 7th) step;
7) finish spiral search, if current optimal match point is initial search point, continue the 8th) step; Otherwise not 4 of search further search of do continue the 8th then around it) step;
8) by the 7th) carry out little search pattern search centered by the optimal match point that obtains of step, find and the immediate macro block of match block, determine wind arrow field longitude and latitude and direction by this macro block.
4. the real-time measure in wind arrow field based on satellite cloud picture according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
In the step 3 and four, come rough estimate to calculate cloud-top height by the infrared cloud image cloud-top temperature according to the atmospheric temperature Vertical Profile, can draw the barometer altitude estimated value of cloud mark wind arrow representative, and utilize the log-linear interpolation method, set up the relation between temperature T and the pressure P:
T＝a+blnP (2)
Wherein
Wherein, (t
1, p
1), (t
2, p
2) be two temperature pressure points.
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