CN1101768A - Electric energy generating method and electric energy generator for realizing the method - Google Patents
Electric energy generating method and electric energy generator for realizing the method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1101768A CN1101768A CN 93112583 CN93112583A CN1101768A CN 1101768 A CN1101768 A CN 1101768A CN 93112583 CN93112583 CN 93112583 CN 93112583 A CN93112583 A CN 93112583A CN 1101768 A CN1101768 A CN 1101768A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H02N1/06—Influence generators
- H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
Abstract
Said energy generator includes at least a pair of capacitors, with a common earthing end and at least one of them is a rotating one. Said rotating capacitor contains a fixed conductor and a group of movable conductors, the dielectric material between the fixed and movable conductors, and the rotating shaft connecting the movable conductors. The pair of capacitors may all be the rotating ones and the sum of the dynamic capacity of the rotating capacitors is equal to the full capacity of the single rotating capacitor.
Description
The present invention relates to the electric energy method for generation and realize the generator of electric energy of this method; Relate in particular to a kind of electric charge that makes and transform mutually between potential energy and two kinds of energy states of kinetic energy, thereby produce the method for electric energy and the generator of electric energy of realizing this method, we are called the power transformation machine with this generator of electric energy.
Electronics separates with its atom of constraint and has just produced electricity, electronics be a kind of can be with the elementary particle of limit velocity motion, the quality of electronics itself and its movement velocity have determined the energy that it is forgiven, this is the substance characteristics of electronics.
Electric charge can exist with the form of potential energy, shows as static relatively situation, and electric charge also can exist with the form of kinetic energy, shows as the dynamic of migration; Exist or exist no matter electric charge is the form with potential energy with the form of kinetic energy, all will be in medium or medium that it exists, environmental condition different and on every side according to the physical property of medium or medium produces all effects, as magnetic effect, field effect, thermal effect, luminous effect, chemical effect etc., the energy with it shifts on medium or medium simultaneously.
Electronics can not generate also and can not disappear, it is a kind of material existence form of elementary particle, and the generation of electric charge separates from atom with disappearing can experience substantially, assemble, migration, again with the process of electron recombination, and electric charge will exist with the form of potential energy attitude or two kinds of energy states of kinetic energy attitude once generating, angle from potential energy, it is limited, angle from kinetic energy, it can be unlimited, limited quality is moved with limit velocity, the essence of Here it is electric energy (be compound in the atom again through migration though an electronics also can break away from its atom of constraint, and here we only treating it as the generation basis of electric charge).
Up to now, we rely and produce the basic skills of electric energy, can simply be described as: finish making charge generation to the process that disappears by a kind of device that transforms energy, be one with separation of charge, convergence, migration, compound continuous cyclic process.As for the main storage battery of using the method generation electric energy of chemical reaction, it only just makes above process produce interruption, and does not abandon any one link wherein.Thus, make people produce one " understanding " for a long time, thinking promptly that only reliable other the energy of electric energy transforms just can obtain, here electric charge only has been used as the medium of transmission energy, thereby entire society's industry relevant with electricity turned round under the limitation of this understanding century more than one.
Though the use of electric energy has brought modern civilization for us, but, as long as conscientiously investigate the cost that we are paid when utilizing electric energy, and destruction and pollution that the biological environment of the earth is caused, can not be long-range with regard to being enough to make us to feel to obtain like this form of electric energy.
Energy is present among the electric charge! Electric charge is once generation, as long as it is moved according to certain rule, it just can constantly export electric energy.Here importantly, manage to prevent that it is the key point of all problems up to eliminating this final tache that electric energy is disappeared of " compound " of electric charge in transfer process!
Electric charge can exist with potential energy attitude or two kinds of energy state forms of kinetic energy attitude, these two kinds of energy states are interdependence, interaction, can transform mutually, if we can find a kind of method, allow charge movement between these two kinds of energy states, and alternately transform mutually repeatedly, we just can constantly take out energy needed from its conversion process.
Usually electric charge is present in the capacitor with the state of potential energy, and form an electric field, if in same electric field, realize the conversion of electric charge between potential energy and two kinds of energy states of kinetic energy, and don't disappearance is impossible at last, so must there be at least two electric fields that are associated that this conversion is achieved.
The migration of electric charge except that the size that depends on an electric field potential energy, is depended on the size of potential energy on another electric field simultaneously, is in two potential energy and equates that the electric charge between the promptly equipotential electric field does not have transfer ability.
The migration of electric charge between two steady-state field can only be carried out once, and very fast balance becomes the electric field that two potential energy equate, therefore, when requiring electric charge to move repeatedly continuously in two electric fields, just must make in these two electric fields one of them is electric field in being in dynamically.
At present, our device that can produce this dynamic electric field that can find is a variable capacitor.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of generator of electric energy that produces the method for electric energy and realize this method-power transformation machine.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can current stabilization, voltage stabilizing, power stabilize, current collection can produce, transformation of electrical energy, especially be fit to place the power transformation machine of single device.
Another purpose of the present invention be to provide a kind of can design have various power, volume is little, raw material are economized, be suitable for the power transformation machine of large-scale production.
It is few that a further object of the present invention provides a kind of power consumption, do not produce pollution, do not destroy biological environment, safe electric energy method for generation easy to use and realize the power transformation machine of this method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, electric energy method for generation of the present invention comprises the steps:
Utilize a power supply to charge at least one pair of capacitor that is connected to the load two ends, make to form on the described capacitor and build field voltage, it is variable capacitor that described a pair of capacitor has at least one;
Interrupt the charging that described power supply carries out to described a pair of capacitor, change the capacitance of described variable capacitor, get a promotion with making alternating voltage on the described a pair of capacitor and descend, thus make the electric charge that accumulates on the described a pair of capacitor with the direction that replaces by described load;
Build field voltage by one and adjust the described field voltage of building of electric circuit inspection, and when building field voltage and being lower than a predetermined value, control of the charging of described power up to described capacitor when described.
According to a further aspect in the invention, generator of electric energy of the present invention comprises at least one pair of capacitor, described a pair of capacitor has one and holds altogether, and it is rotary capacitor that described a pair of capacitor has at least one, described rotary capacitor comprises at least one group of fixedly electric conductor and at least one group of activity electric conductor, be arranged on the dielectric material between described fixedly electric conductor and the movable electric conductor, and the rotating shaft that connects described movable electric conductor.
According to another aspect of the invention, generator of electric energy of the present invention comprises that at least one pair of has the rotary capacitor of same capability, described rotary capacitor comprises at least one group of fixedly electric conductor and at least one group of activity electric conductor, be arranged on the dielectric material between described fixedly electric conductor and the movable electric conductor, and the described movable electric conductor of the described a pair of rotary capacitor of coaxial connection and make it interconnective rotating shaft electric, and the dynamic capacity sum setting of described a pair of rotary capacitor equals the full capacity of single rotary capacitor.
Electric energy method for generation provided by the invention has cutting down the consumption of energy and pollutes, helps preserving the ecological environment and advantage such as easy to operate, safe, thus the new way that provides a kind of electric energy to produce and utilize for people.According to generator of electric energy provided by the invention, can realize current stabilization, voltage stabilizing, power stabilize as required, its can current collection can produce and transformation of electrical energy, be particularly suitable in autonomous device, being used as power supply; And, according to generator of electric energy provided by the invention have that volume is little, raw material are economized, be suitable for producing in enormous quantities and can designing advantages such as having various power.
Below with reference to drawings and Examples the description of system is carried out in the principle and the essential structure of electric energy method for generation of the present invention and power transformation machine.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram in order to explanation electric energy occurring principle of the present invention;
Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the used rotary capacitor of expression power transformation machine of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the generalized section of an expression power transformation machine of the present invention;
Fig. 9 (A) is the graphical diagram of the used rotary capacitor of power transformation machine of the present invention;
Fig. 9 (B) is the graphical diagram of power transformation machine of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the fundamental diagram of expression power transformation machine of the present invention;
Figure 11 is a work system schematic diagram of expression power transformation machine of the present invention;
Figure 12 (A) is to 12(D) be the structural representation of the another kind of power transformation machine of expression the present invention;
Referring to Fig. 1 (A), be one to place the variable capacitor C of full capacity position by K switch with a battery E
BCharging makes C
BOn voltage rise to V
C; Suppose C
BBe desirable and a variable capacitor that capacity is enough big, this moment C
BOn the electric charge accumulation be:
Q
C=C * V
CCoulomb (C)
(C is C in the formula
BCapacity, unit is method (F); V
CBe C
BOn voltage, unit is volt (V)) next, earlier K switch is opened, then with C
BCapacity be reduced to full capacity 1/2nd for C/2, shown in Fig. 1 (B); Because of C
BBe desirable variable capacitor, so the charge Q of accumulation on it
CNeither can increase also and can not reduce, so according to following formula C
BOn voltage should rise to:
Q
C÷C/2＝Q
C×2/C＝2Q
C/C＝2V
C
This formula shows: certain as a capacity, accumulate the desirable variable capacitor of a certain amount of electric charge, and under the situation that does not connect external circuit, its capacitance is reduced to two/for the moment, the voltage on this variable capacitor rises to 2 times of original voltage.
Next, with C
BCapacitance reduce 1/2nd again for C/4 by C/2, shown in Fig. 1 (C), according to same reason, this moment C
BOn voltage should rise to: 2V
C* 2=4V
C
Change variable capacitor C with 1/2nd lapse rate so continuously
BCapacity make it level off to zero, C then
BOn voltage be index law and rise, and be tending towards infinitely great.
Again, if variable capacitor C
BOn capacity be linear distribution, successively decreasing successively changes C
BThe speed of capacity also is continuously uniformly, and finishes in official hour T, and elapsed time accounts for the ratio of stipulated time T and is so successively:
T/2…3T/4…7T/8……2
N-1T/2
N＝T
The capacity that Fig. 2 is illustrated in T variable capacitor in the time successively decreases continuously with 2 times speed, the rising variation tendency of voltage on it:
Lower-left box indicating among the figure: when the capacity C of variable capacitor places the full capacity position not begin to reduce as yet, accumulated a certain amount of charge Q on it
CAnd to have formed intensity be V
CElectric field, be formulated as Q
C=C * V
CThis is the capacity of the variable capacitor prerequisite that the voltage on it rises after diminishing, and we are called " initial condition " with this condition; With the voltage V that is based upon this moment on the capacitor C
CBe called " building field voltage ".
As variable capacitor C
BInitial condition when possessing, in its container successively decreased process, the voltage on it was index law and rises, this characteristic contains following meaning:
(1) it is that a voltage is the voltage lifting mechanism that index law increases, and maybe can be referred to as potential generator, and it has the function to electric charge " acceleration ", and it is equivalent to an electron accelerator.
(2) from the angle of power supply, it is a dynamic power supplies, " initiatively " power supply, and it can be with electric charge " by force " output after connecting load, and the energy of its output is accepted in " compressing " load.
(3) it has the intension of power stabilize: the size of variable capacitor capacity has determined the quantity of electric charge that it is once exported with the height of building field voltage; The volume change speed of variable capacitor has determined output time; The capacity of variable capacitor all has electric charge output in the overall process that changes of successively decreasing, and is not subjected to the influence of external circuit.
Electric charge output to be arranged, in advance stored charge on the variable capacitor; In order to realize the conversion of electric charge between potential energy attitude and kinetic energy attitude, guaranteed that simultaneously the electric charge on the variable capacitor can not disappear, just require to have in addition one have energy storage equally and release can ability device participate in transforming, this device can be served as with fixed capacitor, variable capacitor and storage battery.Storage battery is one " capacitive power ", and it can equivalence be the fixed capacitor that a capacity is full of electric charge greatly.
Below, let us is analyzed several circuit that with the variable capacitor are core devices constitutes:
Referring to Fig. 3 (A): as variable capacitor C
BCapacity when placing full capacity, storage battery E is by load R
LTo C
BCharging; Work as C
BCapacity when full capacity is reduced to O, (seeing Fig. 3 (B)), C
BPass through R again
LElectric charge is returned E; If the charging percent reduction of storage battery E is absolutely, not loss of electric charge in this process so, but it has passed through load R for twice
L, and at R
LOn done merit.
The charging percent reduction of the storage battery in the reality can not reach absolutely, and for fear of the loss electric charge, we are compensated the fixed capacitor that is connected in parallel on storage battery, referring to Fig. 4 (A):
Fig. 4 (A) compares with Fig. 3 has increased a fixed capacitor C
DWith a diode D, the effect of D is only to allow charging charge to pass through, and the returning of block charge, the principle of this circuit working and the circuit of Fig. 3 are basic identical, and difference is:
(1) charging only needs once storage battery to electric capacity, and later electric charge is only at variable capacitor C
BWith fixed capacitor C
DBetween shift, if all be ideal capacitor, then can not lose the quantity of electric charge.
(2) electric charge is by load resistance R
LCome and go the process that shifts and imbalance occurred: C
BCapacity when diminishing by full capacity rise because voltage is index, force electric charge all to pass through R
L, and C
BCapacity when little change is accepted electric charge greatly, C
DTo C
BCharging rate be subjected to timeconstant=C
DR
LThe influence of numerical value, when the numerical value of τ surpasses certain scope, C
BUndercharge might occur, influence C
BThe charge migration amount of Shu Chu the quantity of electric charge, thereby entire circuit next time has been subjected to C
DAnd R
LPining down of numerical value.
Referring to Fig. 4 (B), compare with Fig. 4 (A), Fig. 4 (B) is with a variable capacitor C
B' substituted fixed capacitor C
D, C
B' with C
BBe the gang capacitor that capacity equates, but two capacitor volume are in corresponding position all the time: place full capacity as one, then another is placed in zero; A capacity reduces when interlock changes, and another capacity increases, and the linear relationship that two capacitor volume distribute also is consistent.R among the figure
EBe current-limiting resistance, and R
E＞＞R
L
When circuit was connected, storage battery E passed through R
E, D is to C
B' and C
BCharging through after a while, makes C
B' and C
BOn voltage equate (disregarding the tube voltage drop of diode D) substantially with battery tension, promptly entire circuit is in the equipotential state; Rotate gang capacitor this moment, is connected in coaxial C
B' and C
BCapacity alternate constantly, electric charge is by load R
LAt C
B' and C
BBetween come and go to shift, the transfer of electric charge is because the voltage castering action of variable capacitor, voltage has produced the electric field force of accelerated charge migration in uphill process, electric charge is transferred to load with this power again in shifting the way, and does work in load.
The above process incipient stage, storage battery only needs to C
B' with C
BFill once electricity, form and build field voltage, later because of C
B' with C
BObjectively unavoidably lossy, so storage battery still need pass through R
E, D is to C
B' with C
BThe electric charge of replenish lost, to build field voltage constant to keep.
More than narrated a kind of electric energy occurring mode, this mode can be by generalized representation: the voltage of using variable capacitor promotes principle, be combined to form the alternating electric field of two correspondences, make the migration repeatedly in alternating electric field of a certain amount of electric charge, between potential energy attitude and kinetic energy attitude, transform repeatedly simultaneously, electric charge is transforming its electric field force that obtains when the potential energy attitude in the way to the kinetic energy attitude, by load output electric energy.
Variable capacitor is the core devices that this electric energy occurring mode forms, and it is big that its requires actual variable capacitor to have a capacity, and rate of change height, conversion and control be characteristic easily, does not still have such variable capacitor in the reality, must redesign.
At first solve the capacity problem of variable capacitor:
General formula according to calculating plate condenser capacity:
C=ε A/d farad (F)
(ε is a relative dielectric constant in the formula; A is the capacitor two parallel-plates areas of part relatively, and unit is a square metre (M
2) d is the spacing that two parallel-plates are separated by, unit is a rice (M)).
Obtain the variable capacitor of a high power capacity: can take to increase dielectric constant, enlarge the parallel-plate area, reduce several measures such as parallel-plate spacing; Usually enlarge the volume that the parallel-plate area has also just increased capacitor simultaneously; Reduce the restriction that spacing between parallel-plate is subjected to the factor of rotation condition and puncture voltage etc. again, after satisfying rotation condition and requirement of withstand voltage, spacing just has been determined substantially between minimum plate.Though dielectric material is a lot, is not all to be fit to do variable capacitor.In a word, capacitor volume is an amount that is subjected to multiple factor restriction, must selects decision through optimum organization.
Dielectric material can be divided into three classes such as gas, solid, liquid substantially, and gas dielectric constant is too little, generally should not adopt; The dielectric constant range of solid dielectric material is very wide, can be greatly to 10000 the order of magnitude, but single use solid material means variable capacitor and can not rotate that (this conclusion is only meaningful to the variable capacitor that adopts the parallel-plate structure type, adopting the variable capacitor of other shape and structure type in this way, then is not all to be correct.This paper is with the foundation of this typical structure of parallel-plate variable capacitor as call for Votes, and the variable capacitor of other shape and structure is otherwise noted in the text); The dielectric constant range between of fluent material, and constantly have new synthetic fluid dielectric material to occur; Therefore, the mode that adopts single liquid material or solid and fluent material to combine is to improve dielectric constant, thereby increases the effective way of unit volume variable capacitor capacity.
In addition, the special measure of taking to increase the parallel-plate relative area and dwindling relative spacing, improve the processes level of making variable capacitor, the capacity that increases the unit volume variable capacitor is also had confidential relation, and existing industrial processes means and technological level provide sufficient condition for the production of variable capacitor.
Can expect, at 0.001m
3Volume in obtain can accomplishing fully greater than the variable capacitor of 100 μ f capacity.
Solve the rate of change problem of variable capacitor again:
Rotation is the most effective labour-saving method of fast moving conversion plane-parallel capacitor capacity.
According to Principles of Acoustics, rotary speed surpasses when per second 50 changes can produce noise, existing motor speed generally all is limited in below per minute 3000 commentaries on classics, can not surpass per minute 3000 commentaries on classics so become rotating speed of motor, and wish that rotating speed is lower better, the slow-speed of revolution helps reducing rotary power, helps adjusting control, helps reducing the occurrence probability of interference.
The measure of taking " partial volume " is to guarantee both can to reduce the change rotating speed of motor under the constant prerequisite of variable capacitor capacity, can improve the effective way of variable capacitor rate of change again.
Referring to Fig. 5, be illustrated as the structure of a sheet variable capacitor, the part that connects rotating shaft 50 is that moving plate 51(sees Fig. 5 (A)), another part is stator (seeing Fig. 5 (B)); Rotating shaft 50 is whenever revolved three-sixth turn along same direction, and capacitor volume returns zero from zero to full capacity, and a conversion once.If moving plate and stator respectively are divided into two moieties that connect from mutually, as Fig. 6 (A) with 6(B), be not difficult to find out that so rotating shaft is whenever revolved three-sixth turn along same direction, the total capacity of capacitor remains unchanged substantially, and capacity has returned zero conversion repeatedly 2 times from zero to full capacity; Divide so again, the variable capacitor that the total capacity that we just can obtain average partial volume number is N still remains unchanged.Be the convenience of narration, below the variable capacitor in the power transformation machine be called " rotary capacitor "; The average partial volume number of rotary capacitor is abbreviated as " hold and divide (N) ", (N) represent with positive integer.
Fig. 7 (A) and 7(B) be one to hold the schematic diagram be divided into 4 rotary capacitor.
Can the appearance mark of rotary capacitor unrestrictedly improve? can not, in any case its minimum widith after by branch can not be less than the spacing between moving plate and the stator, this is the limit.In addition, hold mark and the more will make rotary capacitor poorer, until having lost this function as the effect of voltage lifting mechanism.
The appearance mark of a concrete rotary capacitor will be subjected to the restriction of it self rotation girth, and the girth leeway that length can divide of healing is bigger, otherwise then little, thereby the volume of power transformation machine is bigger, and general to hold mark also high, otherwise then low.
The transformation rate of capacitor is its rotary speed and the product that holds two of marks, and the data that draw promptly are the output frequencies of power transformation machine; If the rotating speed of rotary capacitor is M, unit: revolutions per second, be r/s with letter representation; The output frequency f of power transformation machine, unit: hertz, be HZ with letter representation; They and the pass that holds between the mark are:
f＝M×N
Here, (f) identical meaning is arranged with the frequency of alternating current.
Now the rotating speed M with rotary capacitor divides N with appearance, is that radix increases progressively with 5, and 10 groups of data of the power transformation machine output frequency f that calculates are listed in table 1:
Table 1
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| |
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
| |
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
| f | 25 | 100 | 225 | 400 | 625 | 900 | 1225 | 1600 | 2025 | 2500 |
Institute's column of figure can draw to draw a conclusion in the analytical table:
(1) output frequency of power transformation machine can be up to more than the 1KHZ.This is the essential condition of design small size, high-power power transformation machine.
(2) the design value scope of power transformation machine output frequency is very wide, and it means uses same power transformation machine can adapt to the unequally loaded power requirement within the specific limits, and divides sequence for the power designs of dwindling power transformation machine product and created condition.
(3) regulate power transformation machine rotating speed M and can stablize output, this is the dynamo-electric source of the power transformation essential condition of design current stabilization, voltage stabilizing, power stabilize.
Usually increasing the capacity of rotary capacitor, is that some moving plates and stator are made up, and for the ease of difference, we are called " moving group " with the moving plate combination of rotary capacitor; Stator combination is called " fixed group ", the locational symmetry of all must maintenance capacity one between each sheet of each combination making peace.
As shown in Figure 8 be the generalized section of a power transformation machine of the present invention, upper and lower two rotary capacitors that drawn among the figure, its two moving groups 51 ' link, and drawing as a binding post with same rotating shaft 50; Two rotary capacitor C
BAnd C
B' decide group 52 ' be separated from each other, respectively draw an output wiring terminal 521, as the C among Fig. 4 (B)
B, C
B' shown in.
Fig. 9 (A) and 9(B) represent the graphical diagram of rotary capacitor and power transformation machine respectively, wherein, label 50 expression rotating shafts, the moving group of label 51 ' expression, the fixed group of label 52 ' expression.
The quantity of the rotary capacitor that comprises in the power transformation machine of a practicality tends to more than two, may be three, four even more.Remove special circumstances, their moving group generally all is bound up on the same rotating shaft, and fixed group is then drawn respectively by binding post separately, is distinguished with different characters during mapping.
The condition of work of power transformation machine and solution thereof:
(1) foundation of the initial condition of power transformation machine work.
The main effect of power transformation machine is to realize that thereby electric charge shifts the generation electric energy between rotary capacitor, rotary capacitor itself can not produce electric charge (this is meaningful before power transformation machine operate as normal), must in advance electric charge be inserted, form the electric field that intensity is certain, both default " building field voltage " do not have this condition power transformation machine just can not work.What of rotary capacitor Charge Storage amount the height of building field voltage depend on, simultaneously, it is higher to build field voltage, and the electric field force of rotary capacitor is just bigger, and the power output of power transformation machine is also just big.
In addition, building field voltage is an adjustable factors, and it and the adjustment of change rotating speed of motor combine, and can form an Adjustment System that is close to perfect power transformation machine output.
Build the formation of field voltage, can adopt the form of earlier figures 3, Fig. 4, serve as by storage battery, but, the voltage of a storage battery is limited, and the circuit of Figure 10 can satisfy high-tension requirement with minimum storage battery, makes simultaneously to build field voltage and can adjust at random.
C among the figure
sBe a rotary capacitor, it with the voltage of storage battery E be promoted to certain altitude satisfy build the requirement of field voltage after, detect sampled signal by A point, adjust and remove to control an electronic switch K after circuit 101 shapings are processed through building field voltage
EAction, adjust the purpose build field voltage, D among the figure thereby reach
1, D
2It is isolating diode.Be not difficult to find out that entire circuit has been formed a digital and Adjustable; Note C among the figure
sMoving group of moving group of rotary capacitor with other be bound up on the same rotating shaft.
(2) the running problem of power transformation machine.
The power transformation machine is a kind of generator of electric energy, the running of power transformation machine is meant its operating state at the normal power generation machine, except that the above initial condition that relates to, what we more were concerned about is the formation of its running power, especially the relation between the electric power that turns round required power and can produce, also i.e. between the two Conversion of energy relation will obtain correct answer, must understand fully at first what the basis that they take place separately is, below we just discuss this question.
According to the energy conservation law: the energy of consumption must equal the energy of output, and perhaps the energy that the energy of loss must equal to provide is provided Shu Chu energy, and this is proved by the countless facts that the power transformation machine can not be violated this law too.
Traditional generator is that the principle of using electromagnetic force and magnetic field induction is generated electricity, when generator runs well, rotor rotates with respect to stator, when rotor produces rotating magnetic field and stator winding and induces electric current, they have produced a cross force again separately, two power externally space are had an effect, because of the direction of two power can not be offset on the contrary, so generator must keep on the go by the power that the outside provides, the size that power is provided is to add that by above horizontal force the mechanical rotation resistance of generator decides; So the electric energy that generator produces is to rely on being converted to of other energy fully, generator has only played the effect of " transducing machine " therein.
Electric field is different with magnetic field, and the electric field force that electric field has is the inside that is present in this electric field, is present between the positive pole and negative pole that forms electric field, and electric field can keep for a long time and not disappear; Electric field force is perpendicular to the Electric Field Distribution plane, act on the voltage on the medium, and, when electric field changes, the size of electric field force also is to change on the vertical direction on Electric Field Distribution plane, have only when the speed of electric field change reaches high frequency (more than megahertz), the distribution arrangement of electric field force just needs to revise.
Electric charge when mobile, produce a cross force on constituting the flat board of capacitor, this cross force acts on the dull and stereotyped same plane, has produced the interaction force between the electric charge; But it does not act on space outerpace.Can think, this just two plates of plate condenser when being moved apart, the important mechanism that the potential energy on it rises.
In addition, dielectric is playing very important effect aspect the electric field force that forms on the variable capacitor, dielectric is polarized under the effect of electric field force, its polarization intensity changes along with the change of electric field force, dielectric dielectric strength has characterized the ability of its bound electron, dielectric anti-electric energy power provides a reaction force for the maintenance or the enhancing of the electric field force on the capacitor, when the charge density on accumulating in the capacitor plate increases, dielectric dielectric strength also increases, finally make between the electric field force and the electric anti-electric power that is situated between on the capacitor, on the straight line of two power effects, obtain balance.
Again, electric charge be subjected to gravitational influence very little, it to move what mainly be subjected to be the influence of electric field force, the size of electric field force has determined its translational speed.
In a word, the running of power transformation machine is the commentaries on classics group and fixed the group when doing to repeat open and close movement of rotary capacitor, is not subjected to the influence of electric field force substantially, and on the contrary, it has changed the condition that electric field force exists; The power transformation machine needed power that turns round mainly is to be used for overcoming the rotational resistance that is produced by its mechanical realization, and this resistance forms because of gravitation.The electric field force that produces on the running resistance of power transformation machine and the rotary capacitor comes from two " kinematic systems ".They are fastened in the pass of amount does not have comparativity.
The electric energy that the power transformation machine is taken place is not provided by external impetus, so, and does the energy of power transformation machine come wherefrom actually?
The running of power transformation machine has driven rotary capacitor, the variation of rotary capacitor capacity, changed the condition that electric charge exists, electric charge moves in the less area from original bigger plane, has increased the density of unit charge, and the increase of charge density has caused the potential energy on the capacitor to rise, simultaneously, the dielectric anti-electric power of forming capacitor strengthens, and a reaction force of keeping electric field is provided, and has finally formed the electric field force of a rising.The active force that electric field force rises shifts on the medium of capacitor, has been born by medium, and the medium of rotary capacitor provides the electric energy of power transformation machine output passively.
The running power of power transformation machine mainly is to overcome the rotation friction that is formed by its mechanical realization, and we should reduce this frictional force as far as possible when design, to save the required power of power transformation machine running.
The running of power transformation machine can drive a direct current adjustable-speed motor and drag simply by one group of independent current source; When condition permission and in case of necessity, can take to establish in addition the way of one group of rotary capacitor, constitute the power source special of speed adjustable DC motor.
Referring to Figure 11, this figure is a kind of work system schematic diagram of power transformation machine:
Illustrated system is by 5 rotary capacitor CZ
1-CZ
5Form, their commentaries on classics group all is bound up in the same rotating shaft 50; CZ wherein
1-CZ
2Be the rotary capacitor of one group of correspondence, be used as the output of power transformation machine system, R
LIt is load; CZ
3Be to build the field voltage rotary capacitor, effect is the voltage that promotes storage battery E, satisfies CZ
1-CZ
2Build the field voltage needs; CZ
4-CZ
5Be the corresponding rotary capacitor of another group, task provides the power of speed adjustable DC motor M, the D among the figure
1-D
4, D
W, C
WForm CZ
4-CZ
5Rectification, voltage stabilizing, filter circuit, CZ
4-CZ
5Build field voltage by storage battery E through current-limiting resistance R
EDirectly provide; The starting power of speed adjustable DC motor is by storage battery E
WSupply with, by the K switch of start, shutdown
WControl; D
5-D
7Be isolating diode; By the signal of voltage test points A output, feed back to simultaneously and build field voltage adjustment circuit 101 and motor speed control circuit 102, control electronic switch K respectively
EWith variable resistor R
WThereby, reach and adjust the purpose that the power transformation machine is built field voltage and operating frequency, finally control output current, output voltage and the power output of power transformation machine.Certainly, as a kind of conversion, above-mentioned motor M also can drive running by for example gas turbine or the hydraulic turbine etc.
What determine power transformation machine power output size is: the capacity of rotary capacitor, three factors of conversion frequency of building field voltage and rotary capacitor; Wherein the capacity of rotary capacitor is normally given, and other two factors then are variable at random, and we can build field voltage and conversion frequency changes or the power output of stable power transformation machine by adjustment.
If the capacity of rotary capacitor is 100 μ f, to build field voltage and be incremented to 500V with the 50V stepping, the conversion frequency of rotary capacitor is incremented to 1KHZ with the 100HZ stepping, according to CV
2* f=W(watt) formula, the data that calculate are listed in table 2:
Data in the table show that the power transformation machine has great fan-out capability, extremely wide adjusting range, extremely strong workload-adaptability.
What the power transformation machine was exported is alternating current, is drawn by the power line of two correspondences, and two lines are output alternately, respectively accounts for 50% of cycle output time.A power line that touches wherein when human body does not have Danger Electric shock risk.
The output voltage of power transformation machine is two potential differences between the power line, is a dynamic electric voltage; The output current of power transformation machine is normally stable, and it is a constant-current source.
The basic waveform of power transformation machine output is an alternation rising triangular wave, but it changes with load characteristic and the different of numerical value, has only after the character of load and numerical value are determined, waveform could be determined at last.
The output character of power transformation machine has determined its general uncomfortable cooperation alternating current to use, and through exporting as direct current after the rectifying and wave-filtering, may be more convenient for being utilized.
Have a matching problem between the output of power transformation machine and the load, and be not limited only to the coupling of power, the phase relation between output and the load also is the factor that should consider emphatically.
Short circuit is not afraid of in the output of power transformation machine, and the voltage of short circuit output equals zero, and electric current is not equal to zero, expect maximum power output, must come design (calculated) load according to the dateout of a concrete power transformation machine, perhaps, selects the power transformation machine according to the requirement of load.Certainly, falling power uses then not in its example.
The output of power transformation machine can not be opened a way, and open circuit causes dielectric breakdown probably, thereby causes the consequence of breaking-up.
It is fit to resistive load the power transformation machine, not equal to it is more suitable for perception and capacitive load, perception and capacitive load more can embody power transformation machine excellent specific property.
The power transformation machine can be used as the DC power supply centrally connected power supply, and it then can bring into play its special performance when using as the independent current source of single device better.
The power transformation machine is equivalent to one " electron accelerator ", and its output is " mandatory ", and we can utilize its this feature to break through some " forbidden band ", thereby obtain beyond thought effect; Such as remove motor of drive with it, the rotating speed, starting, torque etc. that just may make this motor are fully according to our intention randomly changing.
The power transformation machine is during as general DC power supply, and its " being incorporated into the power networks " is very convenient; When the power transformation machine as the device-specific DC power supply, and during the multiple devices networking, it has good " altogether " property, this is crucial in control and microelectric technique automatically.
The capacity of forming the rotation electric capacity of power transformation machine distributes, and can be designed to certain function distribution relation, to satisfy special needs or to obtain special effect.
The power transformation machine can be designed to different shape, as tubular, sphere, hoop shape, dish etc., equally also can adopt multiple version.
As Figure 12 (A) and 12(B) be depicted as a kind of solid dielectric and contact rotary-type power transformation machine structural representation, this power transformation machine comprises a pair of rotary capacitor C
BOAnd C
BO', wherein, rotary capacitor C
BOAnd C
BO' comprise the roller commentaries on classics group 121 that the annular of being made up of strip-shaped conductive body 1221 is organized 122 surely, is made up of a plurality of conduction rollers 125, and be arranged on the rotating shaft 120 that 121 axle center are organized in the roller commentaries on classics.Above-mentioned tape conductor 1221 is alternately being arranged along being provided with on its length direction, a plurality of insulator regions 1222 of width equalization and conductive region 1223, its quantity respectively with the conduction roller 125 the proportional relation of quantity, a lead-out terminal 123 also is set on the tape conductor 1221.Roller commentaries on classics group 121 also comprise along the circumferential direction be provided with, in order to the roller rotating shaft 127 of above-mentioned conduction roller 125 to be installed movably, compound one deck solid dielectric material 126 on the outer surface of conduction roller 125.When the rotating shaft 120 of rotation power transformation machine, conduction roller 125 insulating regions 1222 and the conductive region 1223 from the tape conductor 1221 successively rolls across, thus can varying cyclically rotary capacitor C
BOAnd C
BO' capacitance.Also can change the output linearity of rotary capacitor during design by the arc distance between the adjustment roller 125.As a kind of conversion, above-mentioned dielectric material 126 also can be compounded on the tape conductor 1221, and the basic functional principle of this power transformation machine is the same with the principle of aforementioned power transformation machine.
The power transformation machine is the principle design of using electric field power and alternating electric field, and it is an example that utilizes the potential energy work done; Inductor and capacitor are two energy-storage travelling wave tubes in the electricity, always we to have used one of them (inductor) to make generator of electric energy be generator; The power transformation machine is a kind of trial of making generator of electric energy with wherein another (capacitor), and this is a new problem, be familiar with all sidedly, utilize it, awaits to explore chronically and effort.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of in order to the electric energy method for generation of electric energy to be provided to load, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Utilize a power supply to charge at least one pair of capacitor that is connected to the load two ends, make to form on the described capacitor and build field voltage, it is variable capacitor that described a pair of capacitor has at least one;
Interrupt the charging that described power supply carries out to described a pair of capacitor, change the capacitance of described variable capacitor, get a promotion with making alternating voltage on the described a pair of capacitor and descend, thus make the electric charge that accumulates on the described a pair of capacitor with the direction that replaces by described load;
Build field voltage by one and adjust the described field voltage of building of electric circuit inspection, and when building field voltage and being lower than a predetermined value, control of the charging of described power up to described capacitor when described.
2, electric energy method for generation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that further comprising by at least one variable capacitor of cross-over connection on described power supply, to improve the step in order to the voltage that charges to described capacitor.
3, electric energy method for generation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described variable capacitor is a rotary capacitor, described rotary capacitor comprises at least one group of fixedly electric conductor and at least one group of activity electric conductor, be arranged on the dielectric material between described fixedly electric conductor and the movable electric conductor, and the rotating shaft that connects described movable electric conductor.
4, electric energy method for generation as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that utilizing motor or gas turbine or the hydraulic turbine to drive described rotary capacitor.
5, electric energy method for generation as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that controlling by a motor speed control circuit running speed of described motor.
6, electric energy method for generation as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that by by another power circuit that capacitor and direct current regulation circuit are formed, to described motor power supply, described another forms the described field voltage of building to capacitor by described power source charges, and described another capacitor is had at least one is variable capacitor.
7, a kind of generator of electric energy, it is characterized in that comprising at least one pair of capacitor, described a pair of capacitor has one and holds altogether, and it is rotary capacitor that described a pair of capacitor has at least one, described rotary capacitor comprises at least one group of fixedly electric conductor and at least one group of activity electric conductor, be arranged on the dielectric material between described fixedly electric conductor and the movable electric conductor, and the rotating shaft that connects described movable electric conductor.
8, generator of electric energy as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described a pair of capacitor is a pair of have same capability and coaxial mounted rotary capacitor, and the dynamic capacity sum setting of described a pair of rotary capacitor equals the full capacity of single described rotary capacitor.
As claim 7 or 8 described generator of electric energy, it is characterized in that 9, described fixedly electric conductor and movable electric conductor are made up of the sheet electric conductor that alternately be arranged in parallel.
10, as claim 7 or 8 described generator of electric energy, it is characterized in that, described fixedly electric conductor is made up of endless belt-shaped electric conductor, and described strip-shaped conductive body is alternately being arranged a plurality of insulator regions and the conductive region of width equalization along being provided with on its length direction; Described movable electric conductor comprises and described insulator region or the proportional cylindrical conductive body of conductive region quantity.
11, generator of electric energy as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described dielectric material is arranged on the outer surface of described cylindrical conductive body.
12, generator of electric energy as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described dielectric material is arranged on the surface of described strip-shaped conductive body.
13, generator of electric energy as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described dielectric material is gas, liquid and/or solid.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93112583 CN1101768A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1993-10-14 | Electric energy generating method and electric energy generator for realizing the method |
| CN 94116708 CN1109226A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1994-09-30 | Electric power generator and method therefor |
| AU78064/94A AU7806494A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1994-10-05 | Electric energy generating method and electric energy generator for carrying out this method |
| PCT/CN1994/000076 WO1995010878A1 (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1994-10-05 | Electric energy generating method and electric energy generator for carrying out this method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93112583 CN1101768A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1993-10-14 | Electric energy generating method and electric energy generator for realizing the method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1101768A true CN1101768A (en) | 1995-04-19 |
Family
ID=4990181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93112583 Pending CN1101768A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1993-10-14 | Electric energy generating method and electric energy generator for realizing the method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1101768A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7806494A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995010878A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104836479A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-12 | 黄冈师范学院 | Power generation device with use of temperature difference new energy |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2889371A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE FOR CONVERTING MECHANICAL ENERGY IN ELECTRIC ENERGY BY CYCLE OF ELECTRICAL LOADS AND DISCHARGES ON THE CONNECTORS OF A CAPACITOR |
| RU2519600C2 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-06-20 | Михаил Сергеевич Беллавин | Electrostatic generator |
| DE102012215600B4 (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2019-10-31 | Institut für Mikroelektronik- und Mechatronik-Systeme gGmbH | Capacitive energy converter and method for operating a capacitive energy converter |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3143671A (en) * | 1959-07-27 | 1964-08-04 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Brushless high voltage d. c. electrostatic machine |
| US3107326A (en) * | 1960-05-25 | 1963-10-15 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Variable capacitance electrostatic generator |
| US3013201A (en) * | 1960-05-31 | 1961-12-12 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Self-excited variable capacitance electrostatic generator |
| US3210643A (en) * | 1960-12-22 | 1965-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrostatic generator |
| US3094653A (en) * | 1961-05-22 | 1963-06-18 | Tylan Corp | Electrostatic generator |
| US3405334A (en) * | 1967-03-06 | 1968-10-08 | Homer H. Jewett | Electrostatic power generator driven by pneumatic power means |
| EP0092549A1 (en) * | 1981-10-29 | 1983-11-02 | Vereinigung Österreichischer Industrieller Landesgruppe Tirol | Parametric electric machine |
| US4897592A (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-30 | Hyde William W | Electrostatic energy field power generating system |
-
1993
- 1993-10-14 CN CN 93112583 patent/CN1101768A/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-10-05 AU AU78064/94A patent/AU7806494A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-05 WO PCT/CN1994/000076 patent/WO1995010878A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104836479A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-12 | 黄冈师范学院 | Power generation device with use of temperature difference new energy |
| CN104836479B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-03-08 | 黄冈师范学院 | TRT using temperature difference new forms of energy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7806494A (en) | 1995-05-04 |
| WO1995010878A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |