EP0075302A1 - Sensor for measuring distances using ultrasonic echos - Google Patents

Sensor for measuring distances using ultrasonic echos Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0075302A1
EP0075302A1 EP82108653A EP82108653A EP0075302A1 EP 0075302 A1 EP0075302 A1 EP 0075302A1 EP 82108653 A EP82108653 A EP 82108653A EP 82108653 A EP82108653 A EP 82108653A EP 0075302 A1 EP0075302 A1 EP 0075302A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer
ultrasound
transmitter
sensor
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82108653A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0075302B1 (en
Inventor
Egon Gelhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gelhard Egon
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82108653T priority Critical patent/ATE14636T1/en
Publication of EP0075302A1 publication Critical patent/EP0075302A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0075302B1 publication Critical patent/EP0075302B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/002—Devices for damping, suppressing, obstructing or conducting sound in acoustic devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • B06B1/0674—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a low impedance backing, e.g. air
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K13/00—Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a sensor for carrying out the distance measurement according to the ultrasound echo principle, in particular for determining and displaying the proximity distances between vehicles and obstacles in the close range with an ultrasound transmitter and receiver transducer for emitting the ultrasound signals and for receiving the ultrasound signals reflected by the obstacle , wherein the transducer consists of a pot transducer with piezoceramic transducers arranged therein.
  • German patent application P 30 36 081.7 describes a method for distance measurement based on the ultrasound echo principle described, which can be used in particular to determine and display the approach distances between the vehicle and obstacle in the vicinity.
  • the invention specified in claim 1 is therefore based on the object, by using a specially designed ultrasonic sensor in the form of a pot with a narrow, shaped transmitting and / or receiving lobe, to substantially improve the aforementioned sensitivity, measuring accuracy and immunity to interference.
  • the measure of the invention achieves the following essential advantages in the determination and display of the proximity distances between the vehicle and the obstacle in the close range.
  • the sensitivity of the system can be increased since the transmitter and receiver lobes can be formed more narrowly and with sharper contours so that ground reflections can be avoided.
  • a piezoceramic oscillator is glued to the pot-like converter housing 39 with a relatively thick-walled housing shell and the transmission and reception membrane 37 designed as a thin-walled housing base, to which electrical energy is supplied via the connecting line 38.
  • Membrane strength, natural resonance and excitation frequency are coordinated.
  • the frequency range is between 28 and 86 kHz.
  • a working frequency between 29 and 30 kHz has proven to be favorable for a converter housing diameter of approx. 25 mm.
  • the transducer is used as a transmitter, a Shore hardness of 50 to 60 degrees is suitable. If it is used as a receiver, the Shore should not exceed 40 degrees.
  • the actual sensor housing is made of soft plastic or soft rubber with a Shore hardness of approximately 80 degrees.
  • the transducer shown in FIG. 1 can be used in housings with attached funnels of various shapes and cross-sections, the shape of the transmitting and / or receiving lobe achieved by the damping segments still varying depending on the funnel design and funnel length can be.
  • cross-sections shown can also be combined to form funnels with two-level curvatures (e.g. parabolic curve).
  • Such a configuration causes the transmission and reception lobes 101 in the horizontal a large opening angle 48 and in the vertical direction a small opening angle 47 have p fel without interfering, ar.
  • Slots 112 or bores can be provided in the housing 103 for stress-free installation.
  • two transducer housings according to FIGS. 3a and 3b can be combined to form a block, in which case the upper depression accommodates the ultrasonic transmitter and the lower depression the ultrasonic receiver (FIGS. 4a and 4b). .
  • a transverse channel 111 with a semicircular cross section between the two troughs in the block face has proven to be an effective measure. She was in numerous experiments. A theoretical explanation for this could not be found due to the complex boundary conditions.

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor for performing the distance measuring in accordance with the ultrasound-echo principle, in particular for determining and indicating approaching distances between vehicles and obstacles in close range with an ultrasound transmitter and receiving converter for emitting the ultrasound signals and for receiving the ultrasound signals reflected by the obstacles, whereby the converter consists of an insulated-type transformer with piezo-ceramic resonator disposed thereon, characterized in that dampening material (99) for preventing the energy rich ultrasound emission or reception is provided on the inside of the membrane of the insulator-type transformer on two horizontally opposite disposed circular segments.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Sensor für die Durchführung der Distanzmessung nach dem Ultraschall-Echoprinzip, insbesondere zur Ermittlung und Anzeige der Annäherungsabstände zwischen Fahrzeugen und Hindernissen im Nahbereich mit einem Ultraschallsende- und -empfängerwandler zur Ausstrahlung der Ultraschallsignale und zum Empfang der vom Hindernis reflektierten Ultraschallsignale, wobei der Wandler aus einem Topfwandler mit darin angeordneten piezokeramischen Schwingern besteht.The invention is based on a sensor for carrying out the distance measurement according to the ultrasound echo principle, in particular for determining and displaying the proximity distances between vehicles and obstacles in the close range with an ultrasound transmitter and receiver transducer for emitting the ultrasound signals and for receiving the ultrasound signals reflected by the obstacle , wherein the transducer consists of a pot transducer with piezoceramic transducers arranged therein.

In der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 30 36 081.7 ist ein Verfahren zur Distanzmessung nach dem Ultraschall-Echoprinzip beschrieben, welches insbesondere zur Ermittlung und Anzeige der Annäherungsabstände zwischen Fahrzeug und Hindernis im Nahbereich angewendet werden kann.German patent application P 30 36 081.7 describes a method for distance measurement based on the ultrasound echo principle described, which can be used in particular to determine and display the approach distances between the vehicle and obstacle in the vicinity.

Nach der praktischen Anwendung und dem mehrfachen Einsatz des in der genannten Patentschrift beschriebenen Verfahrens hat es sich gezeigt, daß die Empfindlichkeit, die Meßgenauigkeit, die Störempfindlichkeit und die Informationsübermittlung an den Fahrer verbessert und die Baugröße der eingesetzten Sensoren erheblich verkleinert werden kann.After the practical application and the multiple use of the method described in the cited patent, it has been shown that the sensitivity, the measuring accuracy, the sensitivity to interference and the transmission of information to the driver can be improved and the size of the sensors used can be significantly reduced.

Der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, durch die Verwendung eines besonders ausgebildeten Ultraschallsensors in Topfform mit enger, geformter Sende- und/oder Empfangskeule die zuvor genannte Empfindlichkeit, Meßgenauigkeit und Störunempfindlichkeit wesentlich zu verbessern.The invention specified in claim 1 is therefore based on the object, by using a specially designed ultrasonic sensor in the form of a pot with a narrow, shaped transmitting and / or receiving lobe, to substantially improve the aforementioned sensitivity, measuring accuracy and immunity to interference.

Durch die Maßnahme der Erfindung werden bei der Ermittlung und Anzeige der Annäherungsabstände zwischen Fahrzeug und Hindernis im Nahbereich folgende wesentliche Vorteile erzielt.The measure of the invention achieves the following essential advantages in the determination and display of the proximity distances between the vehicle and the obstacle in the close range.

1. Ein Einparken durch Rückwärtsfahren oder das Anfahren an eine Laderampe kann vorwiegend nur durch die akustische Signalabgabe erfolgen.1. Parking by reversing or moving to a loading ramp can mainly only be done by the acoustic signal.

2. Der Einbau oder die Anbringung der Sensoren mit den Abmessungen von ca. 70 x 45 x 25 mm kann an geschützten Stellen des Fahrzeuges erfolgen.2. The installation or attachment of the sensors with the dimensions of approx. 70 x 45 x 25 mm can take place in protected areas of the vehicle.

Die Beeinflussung des Ultraschall-Empfängers durch störenden Körperschall ist weitgehend vermieden.The influencing of the ultrasound receiver by disturbing structure-borne noise is largely avoided.

4. Die Empfindlichkeit des Systems kann gesteigert werden, da die Sender- und Empfangskeulen enger und mit schärferen Konturen geformt werden können, so daß Bodenreflexionen vermieden werden können.4. The sensitivity of the system can be increased since the transmitter and receiver lobes can be formed more narrowly and with sharper contours so that ground reflections can be avoided.

Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren 1a bis 4b beschrieben.The solution to the problem is described below with reference to Figures 1a to 4b.

Dabei zeigt

  • Fig. 1a einen schematischen, nicht maßstäblichen Querschnitt durch einen Ultraschall-Sensor mit inneren Dämpfungssegmenten.
  • Fig. 1b zeigt einen schematischen Einblick von hinten in einen geöffneten Utraschall-Sensor mit inneren Dämpfungssegmenten gemäß Fig. la.
  • Fig. 2a zeigt eine mögliche Ausbildungsvariante des Trichters als Kreiskegel-Trichter.
  • Fig. 2b zeigt eine mögliche Ausbildungsvariante des Trichters als Parabolid-Kegel-Trichter.
  • Fig. 2c zeigt eine mögliche Ausbildungsvariante des Trichters als Rechteck-Kegel-Trichter.
  • Fig. 2d zeigt eine mögliche Ausbildungsvariante des Trichters als Trichter mit ovalem Kegelquerschnitt.
  • Fig. 3a zeigt eine Ansicht eines Sensors für ein Einwandler-System.
  • Fig. 3b zeigt einen schematischen, unmaßstäblichen Horizontal-Querschnitt durch einen Sensor gemäß Fig. 3a.
  • Fig. 3a zeigt einen schematischen, unmaßstäblichen Vertikal-Querschnitt durch einen Sensor gemäß Fig. 3a.
  • Fig. 4a zeigt eine schematische Stirnansicht eines Zwei-Wandler-Sensors.
  • Fig. 4b zeigt einen vertikalen Querschnitt durch einen Zwei-Wandler-Sensor gemäß Fig. 4a.
It shows
  • Fig. 1a shows a schematic, not to scale, cross section through an ultrasonic sensor with inner damping segments.
  • 1b shows a schematic view from behind of an opened ultrasound sensor with inner damping segments according to FIG.
  • 2a shows a possible design variant of the funnel as a circular cone funnel.
  • 2b shows a possible embodiment of the funnel as a parabolic-cone funnel.
  • 2c shows a possible design variant of the funnel as a rectangular-cone funnel.
  • 2d shows a possible embodiment of the funnel as a funnel with an oval conical cross section.
  • 3a shows a view of a sensor for a single-transducer system.
  • 3b shows a schematic, non-scale Hori zonal cross-section through a sensor according to FIG. 3a.
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic, to scale vertical cross section through a sensor according to FIG. 3a.
  • 4a shows a schematic end view of a two-transducer sensor.
  • 4b shows a vertical cross section through a two-transducer sensor according to FIG. 4a.

Wie sich aus den Figuren 1a und 1b ergibt, ist auf das topf- ähnliche Wandlergehäuse 39 mit relativ dickwandigem Gehäusemantel und der als dünnwandiger Gehäuseboden ausgebildeten Sende- und Empfangsmembran 37 innenseitig ein piezokeramischer Schwinger aufgeklebt, dem über die Anschlußleitung 38 elektrische Energie zugeführt wird. Membranstärke, Eigenresonanz und Erregungsfrequenz sind aufeinander abgestimmt. Der Frequenzbereich liegt zwischen 28 und 86 kHz. Als günstig für einen Wandlergehäuse-Durchmesser von ca. 25 mm hat sich eine Arbeitsfrequenz zwischen 29 und 30 kHz herausgestellt.As can be seen from FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, a piezoceramic oscillator is glued to the pot-like converter housing 39 with a relatively thick-walled housing shell and the transmission and reception membrane 37 designed as a thin-walled housing base, to which electrical energy is supplied via the connecting line 38. Membrane strength, natural resonance and excitation frequency are coordinated. The frequency range is between 28 and 86 kHz. A working frequency between 29 and 30 kHz has proven to be favorable for a converter housing diameter of approx. 25 mm.

Innenseitig sind in das Wandlergehäuse 39 zwei horizontal gegenüberliegende, kreisabschnittsförmige Dämpfungssegmente aus Weichgummi angebracht (eingegossen oder aufvulkanisiert), die etwa 20 bis 40 % der inneren Membranfläche bedecken und auch innigen Kontakt zur inneren Gehäusewand haben.Inside the converter housing 39 are two horizontally opposite, circular section-shaped damping segments made of soft rubber (cast or vulcanized), which cover about 20 to 40% of the inner membrane surface and also have intimate contact with the inner housing wall.

Wird der Wandler als Sender benutzt, so ist eine Shore-Härte von 50 bis 60 Grad geeignet, wird er als Empfänger eingesetzt, so sollten 40 Grad Shore nicht überschritten werden.If the transducer is used as a transmitter, a Shore hardness of 50 to 60 degrees is suitable. If it is used as a receiver, the Shore should not exceed 40 degrees.

Bei Verwendung als Sender und Empfänger (Ein-Wandler-System) ist ein Kompromiß bei ca. 45 Grad Shore anzustreben.When used as a transmitter and receiver (one-converter system), a compromise at about 45 degrees shore should be sought.

Diese angebrachten Dämpfungssegmente bewirken, daß sich etwa der in Fig. 1b dargestellte Konturenverlauf 101 in einer mittleren Meßentfernung einstellt, ohne daß die bei ungedämpften Wandlern für den vorgesehenen Ernstfall sehr störenden Keulenzipfel und 45 Grad Lage auftreten.These attached damping segments have the effect that the contour profile 101 shown in FIG. 1b occurs at a medium measuring distance without the lobe tips and 45 degree position, which are very disruptive for the intended emergency in the case of undamped transducers.

Eine theoretische Erklärung für diesen Effekt konnte bislang nicht gefunden werden, wohl auch deshalb, weil dieser mit großer Sicherheit reproduzierbare Effekt nur dann auftritt, wenn Wandlerdurchmesser, Wandlerwand- und Membranstärke, Volumen, Härte und Berührungsfläche des Dämpfungsmaterials, Eigen- und Erregerfrequenz des piezokeramischen Schwingers eng aufeinander abgestimmt sind.A theoretical explanation for this effect has so far not been found, probably because this reproducible effect only occurs if the transducer diameter, transducer wall and membrane thickness, volume, hardness and contact area of the damping material, natural and excitation frequency of the piezoceramic vibrator are closely coordinated.

Damit vom Wandlergehäuse 39 und vom Schwinger 98 möglicher Körperschall (Motorvibrationen) ferngehalten werden, ist das eigentliche Sensorgehäuse aus Weichplastik oder Weichgummi von ca. 80 Grad Shore-Härte gefertigt.So that possible structure-borne noise (engine vibrations) is kept away from the transducer housing 39 and the vibrator 98, the actual sensor housing is made of soft plastic or soft rubber with a Shore hardness of approximately 80 degrees.

Dadurch wird auch gleichzeitig vermieden, daß Verformungskräfte des Gehäuses durch nicht fachgerechte Montage auf den Wandler störend einwirken können.This also prevents deformation forces of the housing from interfering with the transducer due to improper installation.

Anmerkung: Aus Gründen der anschaulichen Darstellung ist in Fig. 1b die Horizontal-Achse senkrecht stehend gezeichnet.Note: For the sake of clarity, the horizontal axis is drawn vertically in Fig. 1b.

In den Figuren 2a bis 2d kann der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Wandler in Gehäuse mit aufgesetzten Trichtern der verschiedensten Formen und Querschnitte eingesetzt werden, wobei je nach Trichter-Ausbildung und Trichterlänge die durch die Dämpfungssegmente erzielte Form der Sende- und/oder Empfangskeule noch variiert werden kann.In FIGS. 2a to 2d, the transducer shown in FIG. 1 can be used in housings with attached funnels of various shapes and cross-sections, the shape of the transmitting and / or receiving lobe achieved by the damping segments still varying depending on the funnel design and funnel length can be.

Die dargestellten Querschnitte (Kreis, Rechteck oder Oval) können auch zu Trichtern mit Zwei-Ebenen-Krümmungen (z. B. Parabol-Verlauf) zusammengefügt werden.The cross-sections shown (circle, rectangle or oval) can also be combined to form funnels with two-level curvatures (e.g. parabolic curve).

In den Figuren 3a und 3b wurde in einer umfangreichen Versuchsreihe ermittelt, daß sich ein Wandler 30, der in einer Mulde 107 eines rechteckkastenförmigen Gehäuses 102 sitzt, dann eine für den vorliegenden Einsatzfall optimale zusätzliche Formung der Ausbreitungskeule ergibt, wenn die Mulde, gemessen an der Austrittsfläche, etwa 2 bis 2,5mal Wandierdurchmesser-Breite, 1,5fache Wandlerdurchmesser-Höhe und 0,7 bis 0,8fache Wandlerdurchmesser-Tiefe hat und dabei der Muldenrandwinkel 108, gemessen zur Systemachse 44, im Minimum ca. 5 Altgrad beträgt.In Figures 3a and 3b it was determined in a comprehensive series of tests that a transducer 30, which sits in a trough 107 of a rectangular box-shaped housing 102, then results in an optimal additional shaping of the propagation lobe for the present application when the trough, measured on the Exit area, about 2 to 2.5 times the wall diameter, 1.5 times the height and 0.7 to 0.8 times the diameter, and the trough edge angle 108, measured to the system axis 44, is at least about 5 degrees.

Eine solche Ausbildung bewirkt, daß die Sende- und Empfangskeulen 101 in der Horizontalen einen großen Öffnungswinkel 48 und in der Vertikalen einen kleinen Öffnungswinkel 47 ohne die störenden Nebenzipfel haben.Such a configuration causes the transmission and reception lobes 101 in the horizontal a large opening angle 48 and in the vertical direction a small opening angle 47 have p fel without interfering, ar.

Im Gehäuse 103 können zur spannungsfreien Montage Schlitze 112 oder Bohrungen vorgesehen werden.Slots 112 or bores can be provided in the housing 103 for stress-free installation.

Wird mit einem Zwei-Wandler-System gearbeitet, so lassen sich zwei Wandlergehäuse gemäß den Figuren 3a und 3b zu einem Block vereinigen, wobei dann die obere Mulde den Ultraschall-Sender, die untere Mulde den Ultraschall-Empfänger aufnimmt (Figuren 4a und 4b).If a two-transducer system is used, two transducer housings according to FIGS. 3a and 3b can be combined to form a block, in which case the upper depression accommodates the ultrasonic transmitter and the lower depression the ultrasonic receiver (FIGS. 4a and 4b). .

Um jedoch eine direkte Kopplung zwischen Sender und Empfänger zu vermeiden, erweist sich eine querverlaufende Rinne 111 mit halbkreisförmigem Querschnitt zwischen den beiden Mulden in der Blockstirnseite als wirksame Maßnahme. Sie wurde in zahlreichen Versuchen ermittelt. Eine theoretische Erklärung konnte auch hierfür, bedingt durch die vielschichtigen Randbedingungen, noch nicht gefunden werden.However, in order to avoid a direct coupling between the transmitter and receiver, a transverse channel 111 with a semicircular cross section between the two troughs in the block face has proven to be an effective measure. She was in numerous experiments. A theoretical explanation for this could not be found due to the complex boundary conditions.

Claims (5)

1. Sensor für die Durchführung der Distanzmessung nach dem Uttraschall-Echoprinzip, insbesondere zur Ermittlung und Anzeige der Annäherungsabstände zwischen Fahrzeugen und Hindernissen im Nahbereich mit einem Ultraschallsende- und Empfängerwandler zur Ausstrahlung der Ultraschallsignale und zum Empfang der vom Hindernis reflektierten Ultraschallsignale, wobei der Wandler aus einem Topfwandler mit darin angeordneten piezokeramischen Schwingern besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Innenseite der Membran des Topfwandlers an zwei horizontalen, gegenüberliegenden Kreisabschnitten Dämpfungsmaterial (99) zur Verhinderung der energiereichen Ultraschallabgabe oder -aufnahme vorgesehen sind.1.Sensor for carrying out the distance measurement according to the ultrasound echo principle, in particular for determining and displaying the proximity distances between vehicles and obstacles in the close range with an ultrasound transmitter and receiver transducer for emitting the ultrasound signals and for receiving the ultrasound signals reflected by the obstacle, the transducer being off there is a pot transducer with piezoceramic transducers arranged therein, characterized in that damping material (99) is provided on the inside of the diaphragm of the pot transducer on two horizontal, opposite circular sections in order to prevent the high-energy ultrasonic emission or recording. 2. Sensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Dämpfungsmaterial für den Ultraschall-Sender aus Weichgummi von ca. 50 bis 60 Grad Shore-Härte, das Dämpfermaterial für den Ultraschall-Empfänger aus Weichgummi mit maximal 40 Grad Shore-Härte besteht.2. Sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping material for the ultrasonic transmitter made of soft rubber of about 50 to 60 degrees Shore hardness, the damper material for the ultrasound receiver is made of soft rubber with a maximum Shore hardness of 40 degrees. 3. Sensor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Gehäuse (102) aus Weichgummi mit ca. 80 Grad Shore-Härte besteht.3. Sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the housing (102) consists of soft rubber with approximately 80 degrees Shore hardness. 4. Sensor nach Anspruch 1, 2 und 3 zur zusätzlichen Formgebung der Ausbreitungskeule, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Sende- und/oder Empfängerwandler (30) in einer Gehäusemulde (107) sitzt, deren Begrenzungsflächen unter einem Winkel von ca. 85 Altgrad zur Austrittsebene enden.4. Sensor according to claim 1, 2 and 3 for the additional shaping of the propagation lobe, characterized in that the transmitter and / or receiver transducer (30) sits in a housing recess (107), the boundary surfaces at an angle of approximately 85 degrees to the exit plane end up. 5. Sensor nach Anspruch 1 bis 4 mit je einem getrennten Sende-und Empfängerwandler in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse, in zwei Mulden liegend, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der oben liegende Senderwandler (109) vom unten liegenden Empfängerwandler (110) durch eine querverlaufende Rinne (111) in der vorderen Gehäuse-Stirnfläche voneinander akustisch entkoppelt ist.5. Sensor according to claim 1 to 4, each with a separate transmitter and receiver transducer in a common housing, lying in two troughs, characterized in that the transmitter transducer (109) located above from the receiver transducer located below (110) through a transverse channel (111 ) is acoustically decoupled from each other in the front face of the housing.
EP82108653A 1981-09-23 1982-09-18 Sensor for measuring distances using ultrasonic echos Expired EP0075302B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82108653T ATE14636T1 (en) 1981-09-23 1982-09-18 SENSOR FOR PERFORMING A DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ACCORDING TO THE ULTRASOUND ECHO PRINCIPLE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3137745 1981-09-23
DE19813137745 DE3137745A1 (en) 1981-09-23 1981-09-23 SENSOR FOR PERFORMING THE DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ACCORDING TO THE ULTRASONIC ECHOPRINZIP

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0075302A1 true EP0075302A1 (en) 1983-03-30
EP0075302B1 EP0075302B1 (en) 1985-07-31

Family

ID=6142353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82108653A Expired EP0075302B1 (en) 1981-09-23 1982-09-18 Sensor for measuring distances using ultrasonic echos

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4437032A (en)
EP (1) EP0075302B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5868397A (en)
AT (1) ATE14636T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3137745A1 (en)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2185817A (en) * 1984-05-29 1987-07-29 Nissan Motor Ultrasonic rangefinder
EP0308899A2 (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics
EP0308931A2 (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics
DE3832700A1 (en) * 1988-09-27 1990-03-29 Rump Elektronik Tech APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE PURPOSE OF COLLISION AND BUMPER PROTECTION OF VEHICLES
WO1992002795A3 (en) * 1990-08-04 1992-08-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ultrasonic transducer
WO1993011527A1 (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic damping material
US5229748A (en) * 1989-04-12 1993-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Monitoring system for monitoring the window panes of an interior, for example a motor vehicle interior
WO1995002237A1 (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-19 Gec Marconi Ltd. Acoustic transmitting and receiving unit
DE4413894A1 (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-10-26 Teves Gmbh Alfred Ultrasonic transducer with asymmetrical radiation characteristics
EP0378528B1 (en) * 1987-03-24 1995-11-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Process for steering a self-propelled vehicle and self-propelled vehicle
DE19614885C1 (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-09-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sensor for sending and / or receiving acoustic signals
DE10009129A1 (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-30 Volkswagen Ag Ultrasonic sensor has pot-shaped vibration element whose floor acts as membrane with at least two disc-shaped piezoelectric transducers attached to membrane and adjacent to each other
US6374676B1 (en) 1997-10-07 2002-04-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic transducer
EP1202249A1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2002-05-02 Imra Europe S.A. Waterproof transducer for half-wavelength array
US6465935B1 (en) 1997-06-30 2002-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic transducer
DE102005003398A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2006-08-03 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Device for determining and / or monitoring volume and / or mass flow

Families Citing this family (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8337585U1 (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-04-25 SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Device for distance measurement, in particular for motor vehicles
DE3441684A1 (en) * 1984-11-15 1986-05-15 SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Electro-acoustic transducer
JPS62102182U (en) * 1985-11-26 1987-06-29
US4823042A (en) * 1986-07-18 1989-04-18 Rich-Mar Corporation Sonic transducer and method for making the same
JPS6388080U (en) * 1986-11-26 1988-06-08
GB2225740B (en) * 1988-11-19 1993-05-19 Glyco Metall Werke A method and a device for the manufacture of laminar material for slide elements
DE3934157C2 (en) * 1989-10-12 1999-01-28 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Hob
DE3939387A1 (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-06 Swf Auto Electric Gmbh Ultrasonic distance warning system esp. for motor vehicles - has aperture covering membrane carrying piezo-plate to eliminate group echos
JP2560361Y2 (en) * 1990-12-19 1998-01-21 株式会社イナックス Ultrasonic sensor installation structure in automatic faucet
DE4114180C2 (en) * 1991-05-01 2003-04-03 Microsonic Ges Fuer Mikroelekt ultrasound transducer
US5230921A (en) * 1992-08-04 1993-07-27 Blacktoe Medical, Inc. Flexible piezo-electric membrane
US5505205A (en) * 1993-01-08 1996-04-09 Hewlett-Packard Company Interface element for medical ultrasound transducer
DE19601656B4 (en) * 1996-01-18 2009-07-16 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Steamed ultrasonic transducer
DE19622777A1 (en) * 1996-06-07 1997-12-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sensor system for automatic relative position control
DE59712365D1 (en) * 1996-08-21 2005-08-25 Volkswagen Ag Device for determining the distance of objects
JPH10294995A (en) * 1997-04-21 1998-11-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Dripproof ultrasonic wave transmitter
DE19754891C1 (en) * 1997-12-10 1999-07-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Ultrasonic transducer
TW345132U (en) * 1998-03-26 1998-11-11 shi-xiong Li Improved structure for sensor of car backing radar
US6250162B1 (en) * 1998-04-24 2001-06-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic sensor
DE29808915U1 (en) * 1998-05-16 1999-11-25 Hueppe Form Raumtrennsysteme G Room partition
US6268683B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2001-07-31 M&Fc Holding Company Transducer configurations and related method
US6370086B2 (en) 1999-03-15 2002-04-09 Shih-Hsiung Li Ultrasound sensor for distance measurement
JP2000323959A (en) 1999-05-14 2000-11-24 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Piezoelectric parts
JP2001065513A (en) * 1999-08-26 2001-03-16 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd Hydraulic cylinder position detection device and industrial vehicle provided therewith
US7233312B2 (en) * 2000-07-31 2007-06-19 Panaseca, Inc. System and method for optimal viewing of computer monitors to minimize eyestrain
US6592223B1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2003-07-15 Panaseca, Inc. System and method for optimal viewing of computer monitors to minimize eyestrain
DE10159679A1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2003-06-12 Valeo Schalter & Sensoren Gmbh Ultrasonic sensor unit and manufacturing method
DE10341422A1 (en) * 2003-09-09 2005-03-31 Sick Engineering Gmbh Ultrasound transducer assembly
DE102004011486A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2005-09-29 Shih-Hsiung Li Ultrasonic sensor assembly for vehicle reversing radar, has ultrasonic sensor with two electric wires, where sensor has linear sensitive distance along its axis above preset value and sensitive angle at preset degree
CN1906969B (en) * 2004-04-26 2010-12-29 松下电工株式会社 Ultrasonic sensor
JP2008512142A (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-04-24 パナセカ， インコーポレイテッド Vision Center Kiosk
US20100222926A1 (en) * 2005-05-09 2010-09-02 Ting-Yin Chiu Virtual wall system
TWI278731B (en) * 2005-05-09 2007-04-11 Infinite Electronics Inc Self-propelled apparatus for virtual wall system
EP1906383B1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2013-11-13 Tung Thih Electronic Co., Ltd. Ultrasound transducer apparatus
DE102007036169B4 (en) * 2007-08-02 2012-06-21 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Device with ultrasonic sensors and self-propelled robot containing such a device, in particular dust-collecting robot
DE102007036167B4 (en) * 2007-08-02 2017-09-07 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Device for holding ultrasound sensors and autonomously movable robots containing them, in particular dust-collecting robots
JP4915597B2 (en) * 2008-07-28 2012-04-11 パナソニック株式会社 Ultrasonic sensor
DE102008040905A1 (en) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh ultrasonic sensor
CN102667523A (en) * 2009-12-02 2012-09-12 三菱电机株式会社 Airborne ultrasonic sensor
WO2011090464A1 (en) * 2010-01-21 2011-07-28 Brown James L Method and apparatus for detecting arc faults and their locations in enclosed electrical wiring
JP5099175B2 (en) * 2010-05-28 2012-12-12 株式会社村田製作所 Ultrasonic sensor
DE102012209238A1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh An ultrasonic sensor and apparatus and method for measuring a distance between a vehicle and an obstacle

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912605A (en) * 1955-12-05 1959-11-10 Tibbetts Lab Inc Electromechanical transducer
DE1811098A1 (en) * 1968-11-23 1970-06-11 Bandelin Electronic Kg Large-area ultrasonic radiation plate
US3876890A (en) * 1974-04-24 1975-04-08 Saratoga Systems Low reflected energy transmission structure transducer head
US3943388A (en) * 1974-06-27 1976-03-09 Fred M. Dellorfano, Jr. Electroacoustic transducer of the flexural vibrating diaphragm type
EP0048958A1 (en) * 1980-09-25 1982-04-07 Egon Gelhard Circuit for determining and displaying when the distance between a vehicle and an obstacle falls below predetermined minimum values

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912605A (en) * 1955-12-05 1959-11-10 Tibbetts Lab Inc Electromechanical transducer
DE1811098A1 (en) * 1968-11-23 1970-06-11 Bandelin Electronic Kg Large-area ultrasonic radiation plate
US3876890A (en) * 1974-04-24 1975-04-08 Saratoga Systems Low reflected energy transmission structure transducer head
US3943388A (en) * 1974-06-27 1976-03-09 Fred M. Dellorfano, Jr. Electroacoustic transducer of the flexural vibrating diaphragm type
EP0048958A1 (en) * 1980-09-25 1982-04-07 Egon Gelhard Circuit for determining and displaying when the distance between a vehicle and an obstacle falls below predetermined minimum values

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2186690A (en) * 1984-05-29 1987-08-19 Nissan Motor Ultrasonic rangefinder
GB2185817A (en) * 1984-05-29 1987-07-29 Nissan Motor Ultrasonic rangefinder
EP0378528B1 (en) * 1987-03-24 1995-11-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Process for steering a self-propelled vehicle and self-propelled vehicle
EP0308899A2 (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics
EP0308931A2 (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics
US4907207A (en) * 1987-09-25 1990-03-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasound transducer having astigmatic transmission/reception characteristic
EP0308899A3 (en) * 1987-09-25 1990-03-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics
EP0308931A3 (en) * 1987-09-25 1990-03-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics
DE3832700A1 (en) * 1988-09-27 1990-03-29 Rump Elektronik Tech APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE PURPOSE OF COLLISION AND BUMPER PROTECTION OF VEHICLES
US5229748A (en) * 1989-04-12 1993-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Monitoring system for monitoring the window panes of an interior, for example a motor vehicle interior
US5446332A (en) * 1990-08-04 1995-08-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic transducer
WO1992002795A3 (en) * 1990-08-04 1992-08-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ultrasonic transducer
WO1993011527A1 (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic damping material
WO1995002237A1 (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-19 Gec Marconi Ltd. Acoustic transmitting and receiving unit
DE4413894A1 (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-10-26 Teves Gmbh Alfred Ultrasonic transducer with asymmetrical radiation characteristics
DE4413894C2 (en) * 1994-04-21 2002-12-12 Teves Gmbh Alfred Bending converter in pot form
EP0802521A3 (en) * 1996-04-16 1999-09-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Transducer for sending and/or receiving of acoustic signals
EP0802521A2 (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-10-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Transducer for sending and/or receiving of acoustic signals
DE19614885C1 (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-09-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sensor for sending and / or receiving acoustic signals
US6465935B1 (en) 1997-06-30 2002-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic transducer
EP0993344B2 (en) † 1997-06-30 2008-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic transducer
US6374676B1 (en) 1997-10-07 2002-04-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultrasonic transducer
DE10009129A1 (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-30 Volkswagen Ag Ultrasonic sensor has pot-shaped vibration element whose floor acts as membrane with at least two disc-shaped piezoelectric transducers attached to membrane and adjacent to each other
EP1202249A1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2002-05-02 Imra Europe S.A. Waterproof transducer for half-wavelength array
DE102005003398A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2006-08-03 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Device for determining and / or monitoring volume and / or mass flow

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4437032A (en) 1984-03-13
JPS5868397A (en) 1983-04-23
JPH048999B2 (en) 1992-02-18
ATE14636T1 (en) 1985-08-15
DE3137745A1 (en) 1983-04-07
DE3265088D1 (en) 1985-09-05
EP0075302B1 (en) 1985-07-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0075302B1 (en) Sensor for measuring distances using ultrasonic echos
DE4410895B4 (en) Method and device for concealed installation of an ultrasonic sensor in an outer part of a motor vehicle
EP0048958B1 (en) Circuit for determining and displaying when the distance between a vehicle and an obstacle falls below predetermined minimum values
DE3738515C2 (en)
DE4238924A1 (en) Electroacoustic transducer
DE102007047274B4 (en) ultrasonic sensor
EP1199196B1 (en) Vehicle air suspension system with ultrasound measuring arrangement
DE3441684A1 (en) Electro-acoustic transducer
DE3602351C1 (en) Sound converter system
DE19917862A1 (en) Ultrasound sensor for object detection, e.g. for automobile driving aid
DE102012209238A1 (en) An ultrasonic sensor and apparatus and method for measuring a distance between a vehicle and an obstacle
EP2440888B1 (en) Method for measuring a measurement variable
DE3721209A1 (en) Sound/ultrasound instrument (test set, measurement apparatus)
DE4306193B4 (en) level sensor
EP1308750A2 (en) Method and device for measuring distance and pressure inside an air spring
DE19614885C1 (en) Sensor for sending and / or receiving acoustic signals
EP0993344B1 (en) Ultrasonic transducer
DE4114180C2 (en) ultrasound transducer
DE19912772C2 (en) Ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement
DE2820120C2 (en)
DE102016111133A1 (en) Device for determining or monitoring the volume and / or mass flow of a fluid medium in a pipeline
EP1493302B1 (en) Sound or ultrasound sensor
DE2708226A1 (en) Ultrasonic transceiver system with tubular transmitter - has conical reflector and horn coupled electret receiver with common axis
DE19643956A1 (en) Ultrasonic fluid level sensor for fluid in container
DE102005013269A1 (en) Method for determining the liquid level of a liquid phase via an ultrasonic transit time measurement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19830924

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: GELHARD, EGON

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: GELHARD, EGON

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19850731

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 14636

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19850815

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3265088

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19850905

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881121

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: AR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: BR

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: RC

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: DA

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19990318

Year of fee payment: 17

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990918

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20000322

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20000328

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20000404

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20000405

Year of fee payment: 18

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000918

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000930

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000930

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: GELHARD EGON

Effective date: 20000930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20010401

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010903

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010904

Year of fee payment: 20