US3721058A

US3721058A - Reinforced wall structure

Info

Publication number: US3721058A
Application number: US00149576A
Authority: US
Inventors: D Dewey; N Schofield
Original assignee: General Dynamics Corp
Current assignee: General Dynamics Corp
Priority date: 1969-05-26
Filing date: 1971-06-03
Publication date: 1973-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 1990-03-20

Abstract

A large buoy construction of relatively thin wall composite material, which walls are integrally formed and interconnected by a reinforcing matrix frame comprising reinforcing members sandwiched between layers of screens, to which the cement type material can be applied by use of power equipment in a rapid application and thorough penetration into the matrix to accomplish on-site formless molding of integral, unitary structures having complex shapes and junctions.

Description

Waited tates mm [191 Dewey, Jr. et ai.

REIINIFDRCED WALL STRUCTURE Inventors: David B. Dewey, Jr., Rancho Sante Fe, Norman W. Schotieid, San Diego, both of Calif.

Assignee: General Dynamics Corporation, San

Diego, Calif.

Filed: June 3, 1971 Appl. No.: 149,576

Related 1.1.8. Application Data Division of Ser. No. 827,636, May 26, 1969, Pat. No.

US. Cl. ..52/251, 52/260, 52/449, 52/454, 52/650 Int. Cl. ..E04b 1/16 Field of Search ..52/743, 251, 260, 339, 344, 52/650, 422, 378, 371, 342, 343, 454, 449; 264/35, 309

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 6/1967 Gamber ..52/251 2/1971 Day, Jr. ..52/251 10/1934 Dickson ..52/454 ]Marclh 20, 1973 3,015,194 1/1962 Clark ..52/378 2,964,821 12/1960 Meehan ..52/378 3,363,371 1/ 1968 Villalobos ..52/454 2,104,878 1/1938 Magnuson ..52/344 1,344,929 6/1920 Stainer ..52/251 2,147,677 2/1939 Patterson .....52/344 1,324,027 12/1919 Block ..52/422 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,000,347 2/1952 France ..52/378 Primary Examiner-Henry C. Sutherland Assistant Examiner-Leslie A. Braum Attorney-John R. Duncan, Neil F. Martin and Carl R. Brown [5 7] ABSTRACT A large buoy construction of relatively thin wall composite material, which'walls are integrally formed and interconnected by a reinforcing matrix frame comprising reinforcing members sandwiched between layers of screens, to which the cement type material can be applied by use of power equipment in a rapid application and thorough penetration into the matrix to accomplish on-site formless molding of integral, unitary structures having complex shapes and junctions.

5 Claims, 13 Drawing Figures PATENTEDMAR20 I975 'FIG.3

3,721,058 SHEET 10F 5 I NVEN TOR.

.DAVID B. DEWEY JR.

NORMAN W. SCHOFIELD gammy ATTORNEY PATENTEU MAR 20 I975 SHEET 2 CF 5 3 v v9 wv II om m9 :Iillv ll. 7 w V 2w mm No. mm

INVENTOR. DAVID B. DEWEY JR.

M BY NOR AfSCHOFIELD ATTORNEY PATENTEmmzo I973 3HEET 3 0F 5 FIG? INVENTOR. DAVID B. DEWEY JR.

NORMAN W. SCHOFIELD KM PIC-3.13

ATTORNEY PATENTED MAR 2 0 i973 SHEET a 0F 5 K m m V m DAVID B. DEWEY JR.

NORMAN W. SCHOFIELD ATTORNEY PATENTEDMARZOW 7 3,721,058

' SHEET 50F 5 FIGS FIGJI INVENTOR,

DAVID B. DEWEY JR. NORMAN W. SCHOFIELD FIG |2 ATTORNEY REINFORCED WALL STRUCTURE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a division of our copending U. S. patent application Ser. No. 827,636, filed May 26, 1969 now US. Pat. No. 3,622,656.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Buoys have long been used as navigational aids in bodies of water. With the increased use of electronic equipment in providing navigational information to passing ships and the like, it has been necessary to increase the size of such navigational buoys to provide ease of access to the internal volume of the buoys to service electronic navigation equipment and to provide a relatively stable platform for antennas. While these large buoys may be constructed in the conventional manner of constructing ships, such as by use of known steel fabrication techniques, such steel fabricated buoys are expensive and time consuming to construct and require considerable maintenance to preserve the steel structure. Thus it is advantageous to make such large buoys by other construction techniques, such as by making the buoys of concrete.

While large buoys constructed of concrete have advantages, the normal techniques for constructing concrete vessels present construction problems. The walls of the concrete vessel cannot be too thick or the structure becomes too heavy. Further the vessel or buoy requires internal bracing that has complex shapes and complex junctions that are difficult to efficiently fabricate using known processes and techniques. To construct such complex structures from separately formed wall elements, requires the wall elements to be separately fabricated and then assembled. This makes it difficult to achieve unitary strength and the use of the separate forming steps is time consuming, expensive, and difficult to accomplish. Thus it is advantageous to have a new and improved concrete buoy structure and method of making the structure that provides a large and inexpensive buoy that is integrally formed on site in a quick and inexpensive manner and with a minimum use of forms, and which structure may employ power tools to obtain optimum application of cement material to a steel reinforcing frame work.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In an exemplary embodiment of this invention, a large buoy is constructed from thin wall composite material that has steel fibers strategically placed in mixed cement material. These steel fibers are sandwiched between screen layers such as wire mesh and metal lath form a matrix to which air-accelerated, premixed cement binder material is rapidly applied with thorough penetration into the matrix. In one mode of wall construction, one of the screen layers is relatively open and the other screen layer on the opposite side of the steel fibers is relatively dense. The cement binder material is projected from a discharge nozzle through the relatively open screen layer and against the relatively dense screen layer. The relatively dense screen layer stops the projected cement mixture, with the mixaround the steel fibers and the relatively open screen, providing a wall structure that has a uniform thickness and is made without forms. This is accomplished through use of power tools and achieves a wall without voids therein. Thus the formless molding of the relatively thin wall achieves an optimum working of the cement material into the steel reinforcing without requiring hand working. The use of this method of construction facilitates fabrication complex shapes and complicated junctions of the buoy structure and allows final unitary construction of the entire buoy at a given site. The steel reinforcing matrix is integrally tied together to form an entirely enclosed composite buoy frame with internal walls, to which the cement mixture is applied.

The vessel or buoy construction has a relatively large size with a plurality of walls and bulkheads that provide internal, integral support and water-tight areas for the storing of navigational equipment. The structure is made substantially entirely of a cement mixture with steel reinforcing, and yet has relatively thin walls and thus considerable buoyancy for its size. The buoy has means for towing and has a unique fender structure for protecting the outer edges.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a new and improved buoy construction.

It is another object of this invention to provide a new and improved method of constructing reinforced thin wall composite material structures.

It is another object of this invention to provide a new and improved buoy structure employing a new and improved method of constructing reinforced thin wall concrete structures in which the entire buoy construc tion is fabricated in place.

It is another object of this invention to provide a new and improved concrete buoy construction in which the handling damage to bulkheads is reduced, the overall drying time for the cement mixture in the buoy is reduced, greater control over the application of the cement mixture to the reinforcing structure is increased and the cement mixture can be applied in less time than in previous methods.

It is another object of this invention to provide a new and improved method of constructing reinforced thin wall concrete structures in which use of forms to make complex shapes and complicated junctions are eliminated and the cement binding material is applied mechanically to reduce voids.

Other objects and many advantages of this invention will become more apparent upon a reading of the following detailed description and an examination of the drawings wherein like reference numerals designate like parts throughout and in which:

FIG. I is a side elevational view of a buoy construction of this invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view with parts broken away showing the internal construction of the buoy structure of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view taken along lines 3-3 of FIG. 2 with parts broken away.

FIG. d is a perspective view with parts broken away illustrating the manner of constructing intersecting wall panels employing the method and structure of this invention.

FIG. 5 is a side view illustrating the power application of cement binding material to the reinforcing steel matrix to construct thin wall panels without forms in the manner of this invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective, diagrammatic view illustrating another method of constructing intersecting wall panels.

FiG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of the internal walls and bulkhead structure of another embodiment of the buoy structure.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view with parts broken away illustrating the arrangement of steel reinforcing in the integral construction of bulkheads, walls and hulls of the buoy structure.

FiG. 9 is a cross sectional illustrative view with parts broken away of another mode of constructing joined wall panels.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view with parts broken away illustrating the frame reinforcing structure of an open wall portion of the buoy construction.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional illustrative view of the lower portion of the open wall structure of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view with parts broken away of the towing frame structure.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a fender structure on the buoy.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a large buoy structure 10 has a circular hull 14 with slanted bottom surface 16 and vertical sides 18. The upper deck 22 of the buoy 10 has rungs 19 facilitating movement from the side of the buoy 10 to a central column 12. Bulkhead hatches 21 allows access to the internal volume of the buoy structure 10 and a water-tight door 24 allows access through center column 12 to the internal volume of the buoy structure. The upper super structure 26 of the center column 12, supports navigational aid equipment such as radar antennas, transmitting and receiving antennas, lights, and the like. As a representative size for the buoy structure 10, the hull diameter may be about 40 feet with a 7 1% foot depth and the central column 12 having a diameter of about 6 feet and a height as determined by the particular use of the buoy structure. It should be understood that these dimensions and other dimensions hereinafter given relative to the buoy structure are representative only.

Referring now to FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5, the buoy structure comprises thin wall panels of composite material that are formed of steel reinforcing bars and wire mesh that are covered with a cement binder material. The bottom surface of the hull 14 comprises two layers 90 of welded wire mesh that, for example, may comprise 16 gauge wire having an opening spacing of approximately 1 inch by one-half inch. Positioned above the layers of welded wire mesh 90 are interlocking reinforcing,

re-bar members

46 and 48 that may be made of steel. Re-bars 48 extend radially from the center of the structure or from the central column 12 to the outer side of the hull l4 and re-bars 46 and 47 are circular and are concentrically spaced from the central column 12 to the outer edge of the hull l4 and up the sides 18 of the buoy 10. Also extending radially outward from the center column 12 are beam members 44 that have openings 104 out therein along their length for passing re-bars 47. Re-bars 46 pass underneath the lower edge surface of the beam members 44 and above the lower welded wire mesh 90. A second layer of welded wire mesh 92 rests on the top of the upper re-bars 47 and are positioned between each of the radially extending beam members 44, see FIG. 4.

The wall members, as for example wall member 32, comprises vertical re-bar members 76 that are rigidly secured, by butt-welds 106 or by other suitable joining techniques, integrally to the upper surface of the beam 44. Positioned on one side of the vertical re-bars 76 is a pair of sheets of welded wire mesh 94 and on the opposite surface of re-bars 76 is positioned a pair of sheets of expanded metal lath 96. The expanded metal lath 96 may, for example, be 3.4 pound expanded metal lath having diamond shaped openings that are approximately one-fourth by three-eighths inch. The thickness of the expanded metal lath is in the order of one-sixteenth of an inch. This structure, as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, extends throughout the hull of the buoy structure 10. This structure also extends outwardly to where the beam members 44 angle upwardly at to form the slanted bottom 16 and then bend vertically to form the vertical sides 18. The vertical beam members 56 are secured to upper beams 66 that extend horizontally above the beam members 44. The circular slanted bottom 16 has the same structure as the bottom of hull 14 with the circular re-bar members 58 encircling the hull structure. Positioned on the upper surface of the radial beam members 66 to form the deck 22, are circular and concentrically arranged re-bar members 68 that are spaced radially outward to the side 18 and then continue down as re-bar members 58 providing a continuous circular re-bar enclosure. Holes are not placed in beams 56 and 66 for passing re-bars 58 and 68 therethrough. In the structure of the deck 22, the previously described layers of expanded metal lath 96 of FIG. 4 are positioned on the underneath surface of the beam members 66 and with their edges overlapping the metal lath 96 and the welded wire mesh 94 at each intersection with the vertical walls 32, substantially as illustrated in FIG. 9. Welded wire mesh 70 is then positioned on the upper surface of the re-bars 68.

The process of applying the cement mixture to the reinforcing frame structure previously described is accomplished in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. Generally a base form, not shown, that may be made of any suitable material such as plywood, steel, or the like, is constructed and supported to provide a rigid form for supporting the lower reinforcing structure of the buoy, namely the lower hull wall and the angled side hull wall 16. The outer side walls 18 of the hull have the same structure as previously described relative to the deck 22 and the center walls 32. The cement mixture, which may comprise a mixture of one and one-half part sand to each one part cement, is premixed with water and projected under force through a known plastering machine dispensing nozzle 122. The nozzle 122 utilizes air under pressure to force the cement mixture in the form of a stream into the structure. The air pressure has sufficient force to force the cement mixture through the welded wire mesh 94 into the expanded metal mesh 96. The cement mixture, when impacting against the metal mesh 96, passes through the openings in the double layered mesh in sufficient quantities to extend only slightly out the openings as illustrated in FIG. 5. Through correct maneuvering of the nozzle I22, the amount of cement mixture deposited into the welded wire mesh 114 and 116 extends only slightly outside this mesh. Accordingly, by means of dressing up the surfaces on each side of the vertical wall members, the cement binding material is completely distributed into the wall structure and only a slight amount of smoothing of the outer surface is necessary to provide the thin wall concrete structure. Since the lower hull structure is resting on forms, the cement mixture 168 (FIG. 4) is projected by nozzle 122 directly into the reinforcing structure and against the form underneath these hull structures. Thus the cement material 108 is deposited by nozzle 122 in a direct manner onto the form surface and the material passes through the relatively open layers of welded wire mesh 90 and 92. The corners of the joints may be shaped into the configuration illustrated in FIG. 9. Thus it may be seen that the joints between the hull and the walls are integrally connected by integral reinforcing members and the cement mixture is applied thereto in a quick and efficient manner to provide the thin wall structures without requiring forms for other than the bottom of the hull'structure. The entire structure may be sprayed in a relatively quick and efficient manner with power equipment. The cement mixture is normally applied to the deck 22 after the hull and wall members have been constructed. The reinforcing deck structure is then covered with the cement mixture and the lower surface of the layers of expanded metal lath holds the cement mixture in the manner of the wall construction illustrated in FIG. 5. The deck 22 is thus constructed without forms. Also in forming the lower hull structure, mechanical agitators or tampers may be used to assure complete mixture of the cement mixture into the layers of wire mesh 90 and 92 and around the

re-bars

46, 47, and 48.

It should be recognized that the use of the frames of re-bars sandwiched between the layers of welded wire mesh and expanded metal lath covered with the cement mixture, provides a very strong reinforced concrete wall SII'UCIIHCvHOWBVCI the method that allows the use of mechanical means, such as nozzle 122, to force the cement mixture into frames; provides complete mixing of the cement mixture with the re-bars, mesh and lath that eliminates voids and spaces in the walls that could cause leaking and other problems. Further the ability of being able to apply the cement mixture to the walls without forms, allows visual inspection of the structures to assure complete mixing of the cement mixture with the frames and without voids.

In further describing the buoy structure, the steel central column 12 has a lower wall 30 that extends below the surface of the bottom of the hull l4 and has a circular outer shoulder. The central column has a ladder 74 and a bulkhead opening 43 for access to the four compartments. The wall portions 32 and 39 extend to an

inner wall

34, 36 and 37 that provides an internal compartment for storing various equipment, such as navigational equipment. Bulkhead openings 38 permit access between the four compartments. The deck 22 has at least one equipment opening 21 that is secured in the known manner and locked from the inside of the main compartment. Other deck access openings are of the circular manhole type and bolt in place over the peripherial compartments. A marine fender 60, that may be made of resilient material, is held by bolts 62 around the outer circumference of the hull structure. An upwardly projecting plate 64 is welded to the beam 66 and provides a means for securing a tow line or mooring chain to the buoy 10. The entire exterior surface of the main deck of the buoy is normally coated with a non-skid paint and a protective paint coating is applied to the other metal and concrete surfaces of the buoy. Thus the entire structure is constructed in place with the reinforcing members integrally connected. The combination reinforcing frame using the expanded metal lath avoids voids in the cement binder, reduces or eliminates excessive vibration time, and reduces the problem of lack of dimensional control of wall thicknesses.

A modified structure, see FIG. 6, comprises the replacement of the

beams

44, 56, and 66 with three rebar members and 132. In this construction, a central re-bar member 130 has vertical re-bar members 134, welded thereto at 138. In this particular modified embodiment, the vertical re-bars 134 have only a short length allowing the layout of the bottom frame structure and then laying out of the reinforcing frames of the wall structure 152. In this construction, the circular rebars 126 and '128 are positioned above and below the radially directed

re-bar members

130 and 132. Layers of welded wire mesh and 1142 provide the bottom reinforcing structure in the same manner as previously described in FIG. 4. The wall structures 152 have the same structure as that described relative to FIG. 4 with the expanded metal lath positioned on one side of the re-bar members 136 and the layers of welded wire mesh 148 positioned on the opposite side of the re-bar members 136. The adjacent ends of the

re-bar members

136 and 134 are tied together by wires or the like to hold the wall members in position for receiving the cement binder material.

In still another embodiment, see FIG. 9, the three

rebar members

220, 222, and 224 are directed radially outward from the central bulkhead 30 with the vertical re-bar members 238 being welded at their bottom ends to the central re-bar 222 and at their upper ends to the central re-bar 228 of the group of three

re-bar members

226, 228, and 230 that form the deck reinforcing structure. This same deck reinforcing structure is em ployed and secured to the upper'ends of the re-bar members 136 in'FlG. 6. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, the layers of expanded metal lath 246 extends from the upper three re-bar members to the lower re-bars 234. The ends of the upper layers of welded wire mesh 235 overlap the lower ends of the expanded metal lath 246 and at the upper ends, the layers of expanded metal lath 256 overlap the upper edges of the expanded metal lath 246. This provides an integral connection of the re-bar reinforcing structure and the cement binder material forming an integral wall structure with

angled corners

250 and 252.

In another form of the hull structure, the four inner compartments, see FIG. 7, are defined by a circular outer bulkhead 164 having

inner walls

172, 174, and 176 with a steel central column 168 having access openings 170. In this structure, and employing the modified structural arrangement of FIGS. 6 or 9, the frame structure comprises the three radially extending re-bar members 186, see FIG. 8, with vertical re-bar members 184 being secured to the central

re-bar mem bers

182 and 188. Circular re-bars 196 encircle the lower wall of the hull in the manner previously described. The three re-bar members 186 are integrally connected with re-bar members 190 that in turn are integral with the side re-bar members 192. The side rebar members 192 are connected to the upper radially extending deck

re-bar members

180 or 270 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 10. This provides a complete integral structure throughout the radial dimensions of the hull structure. The tie line securing plate 208 having an opening 210, see FIGS. 8, 12 and 13, is secured to the various connecting

re-bar members

180, 182, 188, 192, 212, 308, and 310 as illustrated. Also secured to the outer edge surface of the plate 208 is a plate 304 having an opening 306 as seen in FIG. 13. The plate 208 with lower portion 314 and the re-bar members are embedded into the cement binder material 348 with only the

ends

208 and 304 projecting.

As previously described, only certain ones of the radial extending wall members are closed, as for exam

ple wall members

172, 174 and 176, to provide enclosed equipment compartments. Other wall members are open and have a reinforcing frame construction as illustrated in FIG. 10. In this construction, see FIGS. and 11, and L-shaped beam member 274 is secured to vertical re-bar member 276 that are in turn welded to the center re-bar member 278 of the group of radially extending

re-bar members

278, 280 and 282. In this structure the upper welded wire mesh 298 and the lower welded mesh 296 function in the manner previously described and are held by a cement binder material 302 in the manner previously described. Further for this limited vertical wall structure, the welded wire mesh 294 and expanded metal lath 292 support the cement mixture in the manner previously described. One of the ends of the beam member 274 is secured to the central column 168 with the other ends secured to the three re-bar members 190 by welding or other suitable techniques. Vertical re-bar members 200 connect to the circular rebar 202 at the intersection of the bottom of the hull with the angled bottom 16 and extend circumferentially around the hull structure providing the reinforcing frame for the outer circular wall 164. Upper re-bar members 206 pass under and abut against the radially extending re-bar members 270. As additional structure support, chine beam members 284 are secured at spaced intervals between each of the short wall members 166 and 167 and are secured to re-bar members 286 that are in turn secured to the integral

re-bar members

285, 288 and 290. The radially extending re-bar members 191 pass under the re-bar member 288 to provide an integral frame reinforcing structure. This entire structure, as illustrated in FIGS. 8, 10 and 12, is secured together by the cement binding material in the method and manner previously described and this structure provides a larger internal equipment area than the structure illustrated in FIG. 2.

In a modified form of the fender of FIG. 3, a fender, see FIG. 13, is secured to the plate member 304. The fender comprises a plurality of elongated

resilient bar members

322 and 346 having flat surfaces that abut against the outer wall 332 of the buoy hull.

Cables

326 and 342 extend through

channels

324 and 344 between the plates 304, and turn buckles 338 provides means for tightening

cables

326 and 342 to hold the

resilient fenders

322 and 346 in position. Also in FIG. 13 the curved edge 348 of the hull structure is illustrated.

With reference to the structures illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8 and 10, the wall members of FIG. 8 correspond, for example, to the wall members 172 of FIG. 7. There are four of these wall structures in the buoy construction. The wall structure of FIG. 10 corresponds to the wall structures 166 and 167 as illustrated in FIG. 7. The chine structures of FIG. 10 are positioned in intervals, as illustrated by the chine structures 54 of FIG. 2. As an example only, the re-bar members in FIG. 8 and 270 in FIG. 10, may be three-fourths inch steel bars and the vertical

re-bar members

184 and 276 may be one-half inch steel bar members.

Having described our invention, we now claim.

1. An integral intersecting concrete wall structure having a base wall and a side wall, wherein said base wall comprises:

at least one bottom layer of open wire mesh;

a plurality of longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars located above said bottom layer of open wire mesh;

a plurality of laterally spaced reinforcing bars located above said longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars;

a second plurality of longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars located above said laterally spaced reinforcing bars;

at least one top layer of open wire mesh located above said second plurality of longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars;

a concrete binder material surrounding substantially all of said longitudinally and laterally spaced reinforcing bars and forming top and bottom base wall surfaces, said bottom surface being located below said bottom layer of open wire mesh and said top wall surface being located above said top layer of open wire mesh;

at least one base intersection beam located within said concrete binder such that a top portion of said intersection beam projects above said top wall surface; and

wherein said side wall comprises:

at least one outside layer of open wire mesh, said mesh parallel to and overlapping the outside surface of the projecting portion of said base intersection beam of said base wall;

at least one inside layer of dense screen material parallel to said outside layer of open welded wire mesh and overlapping the inside surface of a portion of said base intersection beam;

a plurality of side wall reinforcing bars spaced along the length of said intersection beam and structurally attached to the projecting portion of said base intersection beam, which plurality of side wall reinforcing bars lies between said outside layer of open wire mesh and said inside layer of dense screen material that are at an angle to said base wall; and

a concrete binder material surroundings substantially all of said side wall reinforcing bars and forming inside and outside wall surfaces that are at an angle to said base wall, said inside surface being located inside of said inside layer of dense screen material and said outside wall surface being located outside of said outside layer of open wire mesh.

2, The integral intersecting concrete wall structure of claim wherein said intersection beam comprises:

a plurality of closely spaced reinforcing bars lying approximately mutually parallel, and

a plurality of short reinforcing bars spaced along one of said plurality of closely spaced reinforcing bars and structurally attached thereto at approximately right angles, which plurality of short reinforcing bars has a portion projecting above said top wall surface.

3. The integral intersecting concrete wall structure of claim 20 wherein said intersection beam comprises a structural beam having an upper and lower cap and a web therebetween, wherein said lower cap and a portion of said web are located within said base wall and the upper cap and a top portion of said web projects above said top wall surface. 7

4. The integral intersecting concrete wall structure of claim 20 having additionally a ceiling wall comprising:

at least one bottom layer of dense screen material;

at least one upper layer of open wire mesh;

at least one ceiling intersection beam structurally secured to the upper ends of said side wall reinforcing bars;

a plurality of ceiling reinforcing bars spaced along said ceiling intersection beam in intersecting relationship and laying between said bottom layer of dense screen material and upper layer of open wire mesh; and

a concrete binder material surrounding substantially all of said ceiling reinforcing bars and a top portion of said ceiling intersection beam and forming top and bottom ceiling wall surfaces, said bottom surface being located below said dense screen material and said top ceiling wall surface being located above said open wire mesh.

5. The intersecting concrete wall structure of claim 23 wherein:

a layer of said open wire mesh has openings of approximately 1 by one-half inch; and

a layer of said dense screen material has openings of approximately one-fourth by three-eigths inch.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,721,058 Dated March 20, 1973 David B. Dewey, Jr. Norman W. Schofield .It is certified that error appears in the aboveidentified patent and that said patent is hereby corrected as shown below:

In the second line of Claims 2, 3 and 4 delete "claim 20" and replace with claim l-.

In the first and second lines of Claim 5 delete "claim 23" and replace with -claim 4.

Signed and sealed this 18th (1a of December 1973 (SEAL) Attest;

EDWARD M.PLETCRER,JR. RENE D. TECTMRYER Attestlng Officer Acting Commissioner of Patents

Claims

1. An integral intersecting concrete wall structure having a base wall and a side wall, wherein said base wall comprises: at least one bottom layer of open wire mesh; a plurality of longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars located above said bottom layer of open wire mesh; a plurality of laterally spaced reinforcing bars located above said longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars; a second plurality of longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars located above said laterally spaced reinforcing bars; at least one top layer of open wire mesh located above said second plurality of longitudinally spaced reinforcing bars; a concrete binder material surrounding substantially all of said longitudinally and laterally spaced reinforcing bars and forming top and bottom base wall surfaces, said bottom surface being located below said bottom layer of open wire mesh and said top wall surface being located above said top layer of open wire mesh; at least one base intersection beam located within said concrete binder such that a top portion of said intersection beam projects above said top wall surface; and wherein said side wall comprises: at least one outside layer of open wire mesh, said mesh parallel to and overlapping the outside surface of the projecting portion of said base intersection beam of said base wall; at least one inside layer of dense screen material parallel to said outside layer of open welded wire mesh and overlapping the inside surface of a portion of said base intersection beam; a plurality of side wall reinforcing bars spaced along the length of said intersection beam and structurally attached to the projecting portion of said base intersection beam, which plurality of side wall reinforcing bars lies between said outside layer of open wire mesh and said inside layer of dense screen material that are at an angle to said base wall; and a concrete binder material surroundings substantially all of said side wall reinforcing bars and forming inside and outside wall surfaces that are at an angle to said base wall, said inside surface being located inside of said inside layer of dense screen material and said outside wall surface being located outside of said outside layer of open wire mesh.

2. The integral intersecting concrete wall structure of claim 20 wherein Said intersection beam comprises: a plurality of closely spaced reinforcing bars lying approximately mutually parallel, and a plurality of short reinforcing bars spaced along one of said plurality of closely spaced reinforcing bars and structurally attached thereto at approximately right angles, which plurality of short reinforcing bars has a portion projecting above said top wall surface.

3. The integral intersecting concrete wall structure of claim 20 wherein said intersection beam comprises a structural beam having an upper and lower cap and a web therebetween, wherein said lower cap and a portion of said web are located within said base wall and the upper cap and a top portion of said web projects above said top wall surface.

4. The integral intersecting concrete wall structure of claim 20 having additionally a ceiling wall comprising: at least one bottom layer of dense screen material; at least one upper layer of open wire mesh; at least one ceiling intersection beam structurally secured to the upper ends of said side wall reinforcing bars; a plurality of ceiling reinforcing bars spaced along said ceiling intersection beam in intersecting relationship and laying between said bottom layer of dense screen material and upper layer of open wire mesh; and a concrete binder material surrounding substantially all of said ceiling reinforcing bars and a top portion of said ceiling intersection beam and forming top and bottom ceiling wall surfaces, said bottom surface being located below said dense screen material and said top ceiling wall surface being located above said open wire mesh.

5. The intersecting concrete wall structure of claim 23 wherein: a layer of said open wire mesh has openings of approximately 1 by one-half inch; and a layer of said dense screen material has openings of approximately one-fourth by three-eigths inch.