USRE41294E1 - Password protected modular computer method and device - Google Patents
Password protected modular computer method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE41294E1 USRE41294E1 US11/474,256 US47425606A USRE41294E US RE41294 E1 USRE41294 E1 US RE41294E1 US 47425606 A US47425606 A US 47425606A US RE41294 E USRE41294 E US RE41294E
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- Prior art keywords
- enclosure
- computer module
- acm
- console
- password
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/18—Packaging or power distribution
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/18—Packaging or power distribution
- G06F1/181—Enclosures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/31—User authentication
- G06F21/34—User authentication involving the use of external additional devices, e.g. dongles or smart cards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
- G06F21/88—Detecting or preventing theft or loss
Definitions
- PCs Many desktop or personal computers, which are commonly termed PCs, have been around and used for over ten years.
- the PCs often come with state-of-art microprocessors such as the Intel PentiumTM microprocessor chips. They also include a hard or fixed disk drive such as memory in the giga-bit range. Additionally, the PCs often include a random access memory integrated circuit device such as a dynamic random access memory device, which is commonly termed DRAM.
- DRAM dynamic random access memory device
- the DRAM devices now provide up to millions of memory cells (i.e., mega-bit) on a single slice of silicon.
- PCs also include a high resolution display such as cathode ray tubes or CRTs. In most cases, the CRTs are at least 15 inches or 17 inches or 20 inches in diameter. High resolution flat panel displays are also used with PCs.
- peripherals devices can be used with the PCs.
- these peripherals devices include mass storage devices such as a ZipTM Drive product sold by Iomega Corporation of Utah.
- Other storage devices include external hard drives, tape drives, and other.
- Additional devices include communication devices such as a modem, which can be used to link the PC to a wide area network of computers such as the Internet.
- the PC can include output devices such as a printer and other output means.
- the PC can include special audio output devices such as speakers the like.
- PCs also have easy to use keyboards, mouse input devices, and the like.
- the keyboard is generally configured similar to a typewriter format.
- the keyboard also has the length and width for easily inputting information by way of keys to the computer.
- the mouse also has a sufficient size and shape to easily move a curser on the display from one location to another location.
- computing devices include portable computing devices such as “laptop” computers and the like. Although somewhat successful, laptop computers have many limitations. These computing devices have poor display technology. In fact, these devices often have a smaller flat panel display that has poor viewing characteristics. Additionally, these devices also have poor input devices such as smaller keyboards and the like. Furthermore, these devices have limited common platforms to transfer information to and from these devices and other devices such as PCs.
- both the desktop and portable computers typically include hard disk drives, floppy drives, CD-ROMs, computer memory, host processors, graphics, accelerators, and the like. Because program software and supporting programs generally must be installed upon both hard drives in order for the user to operate programs on the road and in the office, hard disk space is often wasted.
- the present invention provides a security system for an attached computer module (“ACM”).
- ACM inserts into a Computer Module Bay (CMB) within a peripheral console to form a functional computer.
- CMB Computer Module Bay
- the present invention provides a computer module.
- the computer module has an enclosure that is insertable into a console.
- the module also has a central processing unit (i.e., integrated circuit chip) in the enclosure.
- the module has a hard disk drive in the enclosure, where the hard disk drive is coupled to the central processing unit.
- the module further has a programmable memory device in the enclosure, where the programmable memory device can be configurable to store a password for preventing a possibility of unauthorized use of the hard disk drive and/or other module elements.
- the stored password can be any suitable key strokes that a user can change from time to time.
- the present invention provides a permanent password or user identification code stored in flash memory, which also can be in the processing unit, or other integrated circuit element.
- the permanent password or user identification code is designed to provide a permanent “finger print” on the attached computer module.
- the present invention provides a variety of methods.
- the present invention provides a method for operating a computer system such as a modular computer system and others.
- the method includes inserting an attached computer module (“ACM”) into a bay of a modular computer system.
- the ACM has a microprocessor unit (e.g., microcontroller, microprocessor) coupled to a mass memory storage device (e.g., hard disk).
- the method also includes applying power to the computer system and the ACM to execute a security program, which is stored in the mass memory storage device.
- the method also includes prompting for a user password from a user on a display (e.g., flat panel, CRT).
- a display e.g., flat panel, CRT
- the present method includes a step of reading a permanent password or user identification code stored in flash memory, or other integrated circuit element.
- the permanent password or user identification code provides a permanent finger print on the attached computer module.
- the present invention includes a variety of these methods that can be implemented in computer codes, for example, as well as hardware.
- the present invention provides mechanical and electrical security systems to prevent theft or unauthorized use of the computer system in a specific embodiment. Additionally, the present invention substantially prevents accidental removal of the ACM from the console. In some embodiments, the present invention prevents illegal or unauthorized use during transit.
- the present invention is also implemented using conventional technologies that can be provided in the present computer system in an easy and efficient manner. Depending upon the embodiment, one or more of these benefits can be available.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified side-view diagram of a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of a security system for a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show simplified flow diagrams of security methods according to embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a detailed block diagram of one embodiment of the host interface controller (HIC) of the present invention.
- HIC host interface controller
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the signal lines PCK, PD 0 to PD 3 , and PCN.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the HIC and PIC of the present invention and the interface therebetween.
- FIG. 11 is a detailed block diagram of another embodiment of the HIC of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the signal lines PCK and PD 0 to PD 3 .
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a computer system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
- the computer system 1 includes an attached computer module (i.e., ACM) 10 , a desktop console 20 , among other elements.
- ACM attached computer module
- the computer system is modular and has a variety of components that are removable. Some of these components (or modules) can be used in different computers, workstations, computerized television sets, and portable or laptop units.
- ACM 10 includes computer components, as will be described below, including a central processing unit (“CPU”), IDE controller, hard disk drive, computer memory, and the like.
- the computer module bay (i.e., CMB) 40 is an opening or slot in the desktop console.
- the CMB houses the ACM and provides communication to and from the ACM.
- the CMB also provides mechanical protection and support to ACM 10 .
- the CMB has a mechanical alignment mechanism for mating a portion of the ACM to the console.
- the CMB further has thermal heat dissipation sinks, electrical connection mechanisms, and the like.
- the present system has a security system, which includes a mechanical locking system, an electrical locking system, and others.
- the mechanical locking system includes at least a key 11 .
- the key 11 mates with key hole 13 in a lock, which provides a mechanical latch 15 in a closed position.
- the mechanical latch in the closed position, mates and interlocks the ACM to the computer module bay.
- the mechanical latch which also has an open position, allows the ACM to be removed from the computer module bay. Further details of the mechanical locking system are shown in the Fig. below.
- FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of a computer module 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the computer module 10 includes key 11 , which is insertable into keyhole 13 of the lock.
- the lock has at least two position, including a latched or closed position and an unlatched or open position.
- the latched position secures the ACM to the computer module bay.
- the unlatched or open position allows the ACM to be inserted into or removed from the computer bay module.
- the ACM also has a slot or opening 14 , which allows the latch to move into and out of the ACM.
- the ACM also has openings 17 in the backside for an electrical and/or mechanical connection to the computer module bay, which is connected to the console.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified side-view diagram of a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives. Some of the reference numerals are similar to the previous FIG. for easy reading.
- the ACM module inserts into the computer module bay frame 19 , which is in the console.
- a side 27 and a bottom 19 of ACM slide and fit firmly into the computer module bay frame, which has at least a bottom portion 19 and back portion 26 .
- a backside 23 of the ACM faces backside 26 of the frame.
- ACM also has a front-side or face 25 that houses the lock and exposes the keyhole 13 to a user. The key 11 is insertable from the face into the keyhole.
- connector 17 couples and inserts into connector 21 .
- Connector 17 electrically and mechanically interface elements of the ACM to the console through connector 21 .
- Latch 14 should be moved away from the bottom side 19 of the module bay frame before inserting the ACM into the frame.
- latch 15 is placed in a closed or lock position, where it keeps the ACM firmly in place. That is, latch 15 biases against a backside portion 29 of the ACM enclosure to hold the ACM in place, where the connector 17 firmly engages, electrically and mechanically, with connector 21 .
- latch 15 is moved away or opened from the back side portion of the ACM enclosure. ACM is manually pulled out of the computer module bay frame, where connector 17 disengages with connector 21 .
- the key 11 is used to selectively move the latch in the open or locked position to secure the ACM into the frame module.
- the ACM includes an enclosure such as the one described with the following components, which should not be limiting:
- the ACM connects to a peripheral console with power supply, a display device, an input device, and other elements. Some details of these elements with the present security system are described in more detail below.
- FIG. 4 is a simplified layout diagram of a security system for a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein.
- the layout diagram illustrates the top-view of the module 10 , where the backside components (e.g., Host Interface Controller) are depicted in dashed lines.
- the layout diagram has a first portion, which includes a central processing unit (“CPU”) module 400 , and a second portion, which includes a hard drive module 420 .
- a common printed circuit board 437 houses these modules and the like.
- the ACM includes the central processing unit module 400 with a cache memory 405 , which is coupled to a north bridge unit 421 , and a host interface controller 401 .
- the host interface controller includes a lock control 403 .
- the CPU module is disposed on a first portion of the attached computer module, and couples to connectors 17 .
- the CPU module is spatially located near connector 17 .
- the CPU module can use a suitable microprocessing unit, microcontroller, digital signal processor, and the like.
- the CPU module uses, for example, a 400 MHz Pentium II microprocessor module from Intel Corporation and like microprocessors from AMD Corporation, Cyrix Corporation (now National Semiconductor Corporation), and others.
- the microprocessor can be one such as the Compaq Computer Corporation Alpha Chip, Apple Computer Corporation PowerPC G3 processor, and the like. Further, higher speed processors are contemplated in other embodiments as technology increases in the future.
- host interface controller 401 is coupled to BIOS/flash memory 405 . Additionally, the host interface controller is coupled to a clock control logic, a configuration signal, and a peripheral bus.
- the present invention has a host interface controller that has lock control 403 to provide security features to the present ACM. Furthermore, the present invention uses a flash memory that includes codes to provide password protection or other electronic security methods.
- the second portion of the attached computer module has the hard drive module 420 .
- the hard drive module includes north bridge 421 , graphics accelerator 423 , graphics memory 425 , a power controller 427 , an IDE controller 429 , and other components.
- Adjacent to and in parallel alignment with the hard drive module is a personal computer interface (“PCI”) bus 431 , 432 .
- PCI personal computer interface
- a power regulator 435 is disposed near the PCI bus.
- north bridge unit 421 often couples to a computer memory, to the graphics accelerator 423 , to the IDE controller, and to the host interface controller via the PCI bus.
- Graphics accelerator 423 typically couples to a graphics memory 423 , and other elements.
- IDE controller 429 generally supports and provides timing signals necessary for the IDE bus.
- the IDE controller is embodied as a 643U2 PCI-to IDE chip from CMD Technology, for example.
- Other types of buses than IDE are contemplated, for example EIDE, SCSI, 1394, and the like in alternative embodiments of the present invention.
- the hard drive module or mass storage unit 420 typically includes a computer operating system, application software program files, data files, and the like.
- the computer operating system may be the Windows98 operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond Wash.
- Other operating systems such as WindowsNT, MacOS8, Unix, and the like are also contemplated in alternative embodiments of the present invention.
- some typical application software programs can include Office98 by Microsoft Corporation, Core 1 Perfect Suite by Corel, and others.
- Hard disk module 420 includes a hard disk drive.
- the hard disk drive can also be replaced by removable hard disk drives, read/write CD ROMs, flash memory, floppy disk drives, and the like.
- Mass storage unit 240 may also support other interfaces than IDE.
- the computer system includes an ACM with security protection.
- the ACM connects to the console, which has at least the following elements, which should not be limiting.
- the computer module bay is an opening in a peripheral console that receives the ACM.
- the computer module bay provides mechanical support and protection to ACM.
- the module bay also includes, among other elements, a variety of thermal components for heat dissipation, a frame the provides connector alignment, and a lock engagement, which secures the ACM to the console.
- the bay also has a printed circuit board to mount and mate the connector from the ACM to the console.
- the connector provides an interface between the ACM and other accessories.
- FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram 500 of a security system for a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein.
- One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
- the block diagram 500 has a variety of features such as those noted above, as well as others. In the present diagram, different reference numerals are used to show the operation of the present system.
- the block diagram is an attached computer module 500 .
- the module 500 has a central processing unit, which communicates to a north bridge 541 , by way of a CPU bus 527 .
- the north bridge couples to main memory 523 via memory bus 529 .
- the main memory can be any suitable high speed memory device or devices such as dynamic random access memory (“DRAM”) integrated circuits and others.
- the DRAM includes at least 32 Meg. or 64 Meg. and greater of memory, but can also be less depending upon the application.
- the main memory can be coupled directly with the CPU in some embodiments.
- the north bridge also couples to a graphics subsystem 515 via bus 542 .
- the graphics subsystem can include a graphics accelerator, graphics memory, and other devices. Graphics subsystem transmits a video signal to an interface connector, which couples to a display, for example.
- the attached computer module also includes a primary hard disk drive that serves as a main memory unit for programs and the like.
- the hard disk can be any suitable drive that has at least 2 GB and greater.
- the hard disk is a Marathon 2250 (2.25 GB, 2 1 ⁇ 2 inch drive) product made by Seagate Corporation of Scotts Valley, but can be others.
- the hard disk communicates to the north bridge by way of a hard disk drive controller and bus lines 502 and 531 .
- the hard disk drive controller couples to the north bridge by way of the host PCI bus, which connects bus 537 to the north bridge.
- the hard disk includes computer codes that implement a security program according to the present invention. Details of the security program are provided below.
- the attached computer module also has a flash memory device 505 with a BIOS.
- the flash memory device 505 also has codes for a user password that can be stored in the device.
- the flash memory device generally permits the storage of such password without a substantial use of power, even when disconnected.
- the flash memory device has at least 4 Meg. or greater of memory, or 16 Meg. or greater of memory.
- a host interface controller 507 communications to the north bridge via bus 535 and host PCI bus.
- the host interface controller also has a lock control 509 , which couples to a lock.
- the lock is attached to the module and has a manual override to the lock on the host interface controller in some embodiments.
- Host interface controller 507 communicates to the console using bus 511 , which couples to connection 513 .
- the security system uses a combination of electrical and mechanical locking mechanisms.
- the present system provides a lock status mechanism in the host interface controller 509 .
- the lock status of the lock is determined by checking a lock status bit 549 , which is in the host interface controller.
- the lock status bit is determined by a signal 553 , which is dependent upon the position of the lock.
- the position of the lock is closed in the ground 559 position, where the latch couples to a ground plane in the module and/or system.
- the signal of the lock is at Vcc, for example, which is open.
- the signal can be ground in the open position and Vcc in the closed position, depending upon the application. Other signal schemes can also be used depending upon the application.
- the present invention also includes a real-time clock 510 in the ACM, but is not limited.
- the real-time clock can be implemented using a reference oscillator 14.31818 MHz 508 that couples to a real-time clock circuit.
- the real-time clock circuit can be in the host interface controller.
- An energy source 506 such as a battery can be used to keep the real-time clock circuit running even when the ACM has been removed from the console.
- the real-time clock can be used by a security program to perform a variety of functions.
- these functions include: (1) fixed time period in which the ACM can be used, e.g., ACM cannot be used at night; (2) programmed ACM to be used after certain date, e.g., high security procedure during owner's vacation or non use period; (3) other uses similar to a programmable time lock. Further details of the present real-time clock are described in the application listed under Ser. No. 09/183,816 noted above.
- the present invention also includes a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.
- the permanent password or user code is stored in a flash memory device.
- the permanent password or user code is stored in the central processing unit.
- the password or user code can be placed in the device upon manufacture of such device.
- the password or user code can be placed in the device by a one time programming techniques using, for example, fuses or the like.
- the present password or user code provides a permanent “finger print” on the device, which is generally hardware.
- the permanent finger print can be used for identification purposes for allowing the user of the hardware to access the hardware itself, as well as other systems. These other systems include local and wide area networks.
- the systems can also include one or more servers.
- the present password and user identification can be quite important for electronic commerce applications and the like.
- the permanent password or user code can be combined with the password on flash memory for the security program, which is described below in more detail.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show simplified flow diagrams 600 , 700 of security methods according to embodiments of the present invention. These diagrams are merely illustrations and should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
- FIG. 6 which considers an example for when the ACM is inserted into the computer module bay in the console, ACM has already been inserted into the console and is firmly engaged in an electrical and mechanical manner.
- a computer system is powered up 601 , which provides selected signals to the microprocessor.
- the microprocessor oversees the operation of the computer system.
- the microprocessor searches the memory in, for example, the hard disk drive and execute a security program, step 603 .
- the security program runs through a sequence of steps before allowing a user to operate the present system with the ACM. Among other processes, the security program determines if an “Auto-lock” is ON. If so, the security program goes via branch 606 to step 607 . Alternatively, the security program goes to step 609 , which determines that the lock stays OFF and loops to step 627 , which indicates that the ACM can be removed physically from the console. In step 607 , the security program turns a switch or switching means that turns ON a lock, which can be electrical, mechanical, or a combination of electrical and mechanical.
- the security program turns OFF the power of the ACM and console.
- the security program directs the OS to turn the power OFF, step 613 .
- a key is used to release a latch in the ACM on the lock 615 , where the ACM can be removed, step 627 .
- the security program determines if the ACM is to be removed, step 617 . If not, the lock stays ON, step 619 .
- the security detection program determines if the password (or other security code) matches with the designated password, step 621 . If not, the lock stays ON, step 623 .
- the security program releases the lock 625 , which frees the ACM.
- the ACM can be removed, step 627 .
- the present invention provides a security system for the ACM, which is outside the console or computer module bay. See, FIG. 7, for example.
- the security system is implemented to prevent illegal or unauthorized use (step 701 ) of the ACM, which has not been used in the console.
- a key turns ON a lock (step 703 ).
- the lock moves a latch in the ACM to a specific spatial location that physical blocks the passage of the ACM into the computer module bay. Accordingly, the ACM cannot insert (step 705 ) into the computer module bay.
- the key can be used to turn the lock OFF, step 707 .
- the key moves the latch in a selected spatial location that allows the ACM to be inserted into the computer bay module.
- the ACM inserts into the computer module bay, step 709 .
- the computer console including the ACM goes through the sequence of steps in the above FIG., but is not limited.
- the present invention implements the sequences above using computer software.
- computer hardware can also be used and is preferably in some applications.
- the computer hardware can include a mechanical lock, which is built into the ACM.
- An example of such mechanical lock is shown above, but can also be others.
- the lock can be controlled or accessed electronically by way of computer software.
- the key can be used to as a manual override if the ACM or computer fails.
- the lock is used to prevent theft and accidental removal inside CMB.
- the current invention locates the lock inside the ACM to allow a user to keep a single key as ACM is moved from console to console at different locations.
- the lock can be engaged using the key so that the latch extends outside ACM's enclosure.
- the extended latch prevents ACM from being inserted into any CMB. This prevents any illegal use of ACM by someone other than the user.
- the user password is programmable.
- the password can be programmable by way of the security program.
- the password can be stored in a flash memory device within the ACM. Accordingly, the user of the ACM and the console would need to have the user password in order to access the ACM.
- the combination of a security program and user password can provide the user a wide variety of security functions as follows:
- the present invention also includes a method for reading a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.
- the permanent password or user code is stored in a flash memory device.
- the permanent password or user code is stored in the central processing unit.
- the password or user code can be placed in the device upon manufacture of such device.
- the password or user code can be placed in the device by a one time programming techniques using, for example, fuses or the like.
- the present password or user code provides a permanent “finger print” on the device, which is generally hardware.
- the permanent finger print can be used for identification purposes for allowing the user of the hardware to access the hardware itself, as well as other systems. These other systems include local and wide area networks.
- the systems can also include one or more servers.
- the present method allows a third party confirm the user by way of the permanent password or user code.
- the present password and user identification can be quite important for electronic commerce applications and the like, which verify the user code or password.
- the permanent password or user code can be combined with the password on flash memory for the security program.
- Embodiments in accordance with the present invention may interface two PCI or PCI-like buses using a non-PCI or non-PCI-like channel.
- PCI control signals are encoded into control bits and the control bits, rather than the control signals that they represent, are transmitted on the interface channel.
- the control bits representing control signals are decoded back into PCI control signals prior to being transmitted to the intended PCI bus.
- control bits rather than control signals are transmitted on the interface channel allows using a smaller number of signal channels and a correspondingly small number of conductive lines in the interface channel than would otherwise be possible. This is because the control bits can be more easily multiplexed at one end of the interface channel and recovered at the other end than control signals.
- This relatively small number of signal channels used in the interface channel allows using LVDS channels for the interface.
- an LVDS channel is more cable friendly, faster, consumes less power, and generates less noise than a PCI bus channel, which is used in the prior art to interface two PCI buses. Therefore, the present invention advantageously uses an LVDS channel for the hereto unused purpose of interfacing PCI or PCI-like buses.
- the relatively smaller number of signal channels in the interface also allows using connectors having smaller pins counts.
- an interface having a smaller number of signal channels and, therefore, a smaller number of conductive lines is less bulky and less expensive than one having a larger number of signal channels.
- connectors having a smaller number of pins are also less expensive and less bulky than connectors having a larger number of pins.
- the interface channel has a plurality of serial bit channels numbering fewer than the number of parallel bus lines in each of the PCI buses and operates at a clock speed higher than the clock speed at which any of the bus lines operates. More specifically, the interface channel includes two sets of unidirectional serial bit channels which transmit data in opposite directions such that one set of bit channels transmits serial bits from the HIC to the PIC while the other set transmits serial bits from the PIC to the HIC. For each cycle of the PCI clock, each bit channel of the interface channel transmits a packet of serial bits.
- FIG. 8 is a detailed block diagram of one embodiment of the host interface controller (HIC) of the present invention.
- HIC 800 comprises bus controller 810 , translator 820 , transmitter 830 , receiver 840 , a PLL 850 , an address/data multiplexer (A/D MUX) 860 , a read/write controller (RD/WR Cntl) 870 , a video serial to parallel converter 880 and a CPU control & general purpose input/output latch/driver (CPU CNTL & GPIO latch/driver) 890 .
- A/D MUX address/data multiplexer
- RD/WR Cntl read/write controller
- video serial to parallel converter 880 and a CPU control & general purpose input/output latch/driver (CPU CNTL & GPIO latch/driver) 890 .
- CPU CNTL & GPIO latch/driver CPU control & general purpose input/output latch/driver
- HIC 800 is coupled to an optional flash memory BIOS configuration unit 801 .
- Flash memory unit 801 stores basic input output system (BIOS) and PCI configuration information and supplies the BIOS and PCI configuration information to A/D MUX 860 and RD/WR Control 870 , which control the programming, read, and write of flash memory unit 801 .
- BIOS basic input output system
- A/D MUX 860 and RD/WR Control 870 which control the programming, read, and write of flash memory unit 801 .
- Bus controller 810 is coupled to the host PCI bus, which is also referred to herein as the primary PCI bus, and manages PCI bus transactions on the host PCI bus.
- Bus controller 810 includes a slave (target) unit 811 and a master unit 816 .
- Both slave unit 811 and master unit 816 each include two first in first out (FIFO) buffers, which are preferably asynchronous with respect to each other since the input and output of the two FIFOs in the master unit 816 as well as the two FIFOs in the slave unit 811 are clocked by different clocks, namely the PCI clock and the PCK.
- slave unit 811 includes encoder 822 and decoder 823
- master unit 816 includes encoder 827 and decoder 828 .
- the FIFOs 812 , 813 , 817 and 818 manage data transfers between the host PCI bus and the XPBus, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 operate at 33 MHz and 66 MHz, respectively.
- PCI address/data (AD) from the host PCI bus is entered into FIFOs 812 and 817 before they are encoded by encoders 822 and 823 .
- Encoders 822 and 823 format the PCI address/data bits to a form more suitable for parallel to serial conversion prior to transmittal on the XPBus.
- address and data information from the receivers is decoded by decoders 823 and 828 to a form more suitable for transmission on the host PCI bus.
- FIFOs 813 and 818 Thereafter the decoded data and address information is passed through FIFOs 813 and 818 prior to being transferred to the host PCI bus.
- FIFOs 812 , 813 , 817 and 818 allow bus controller 810 to handle posted and delayed PCI transactions and to provide deep buffering to store PCI transactions.
- Bus controller 810 also comprises slave read/write control (RD/WR Cntl) 814 and master read/write control (RD/WR Cntl) 815 .
- RD/WR controls 814 and 815 are involved in the transfer of PCI control signals between bus controller 810 and the host PCI bus.
- Bus controller 810 is coupled to translator 820 .
- Translator 820 comprises encoders 822 and 827 , decoders 823 and 828 , control decoder & separate data path unit 824 and control encoder & merge data path unit 825 .
- encoders 822 and 827 are part of slave data unit 811 and master data unit 816 , respectively, receive PCI address and data information from FIFOs 812 and 817 , respectively, and encode the PCI address and data information into a form more suitable for parallel to serial conversion prior to transmittal on the XPBus.
- decoders 823 and 828 are part of slave data unit 811 and master data unit 816 , respectively, and format address and data information from receiver 840 into a form more suitable for transmission on the host PCI bus.
- Control encoder & merge data path unit 825 receives PCI control signals from the slave RD/WR control 814 and master RD/WR control 815 . Additionally, control encoder & merge data path unit 825 receives control signals from CPU CNTL & GPIO latch/driver 890 , which is coupled to the CPU and north bridge (not shown in FIG. 8 ).
- Control encoder & merge data path unit 825 encodes PCI control signals as well as CPU control signals and north bridge signals into control bits, merges these encoded control bits and transmits the merged control bits to transmitter 830 , which then transmits the control bits on the data lines PD 0 to PD 3 and control line PCN of the XPBus.
- Examples of control signals include PCI control signals and CPU control signals.
- a specific example of a control signal is FRAME# used in PCI buses.
- a control bit on the other hand is a data bit that represents a control signal.
- Control decoder & separate data path unit 824 receives control bits from receiver 840 which receives control bits on data lines PDR 0 to PDR 3 and control line PCNR of the XPBus.
- Transmitter 830 receives multiplexed parallel address/data (A/D) bits and control bits from translator 820 on the AD[ 31 :: 0 ] out and the CNTL out lines, respectively. Transmitter 830 also receives a clock signal from PLL 850 . PLL 850 takes a reference input clock and generates PCK that drives the XPBus. PCK is asynchronous with the PCI clock signal and operates at 66 MHz, twice the speed of the PCI clock of 33 MHz. The higher speed is intended to accommodate at least some possible increases in the operating speed of future PCI buses. As a result of the higher speed, the XPBus may be used to interface two PCI or PCI-like buses operating at 66 MHz rather than 33 MHz or having 64 rather than 32 multiplexed address/data lines.
- the XPBux lines, PD 0 to PD 3 , PCN, PDR 0 to PDR 3 and PCNR, and the video data and clock lines, VPD and VPCK, are not limited to being LVDS lines, as they may be other forms of bit based lines.
- the XPBus lines may be IEEE 1394 lines.
- each of the lines PCK, PD 0 to PD 3 , PCN, PCKR, PDR 0 to PDR 3 , PCNR, VPCK, and VPD is referred to as a line, in the singular rather than plural, each such line may contain more than one physical line.
- each of lines PCK, PD 0 to PD 3 and PCN includes two physical lines between each driver and its corresponding receiver.
- the term line when not directly preceded by the terms physical or conductive, is herein used interchangeably with a signal or bit channel which may consist of one or more physical lines for transmitting a signal.
- a signal or bit channel which may consist of one or more physical lines for transmitting a signal.
- a pair of physical lines is used to transmit one signal.
- a bit line or bit channel in an LVDS or IEEE 1394 interface consists of a pair of physical lines which together transmit a signal.
- the XPBus which includes lines PCK, PD 0 to PD 3 , PCN, PCKR, PDR 0 to PDR 3 , and PCNR, has two sets of unidirectional lines transmitting clock signals and bits in opposite directions.
- the first set of unidirectional lines includes PCK, PD 0 to PD 3 , and PCN.
- the second set of unidirectional lines includes PCKR, PDR 0 to PDR 3 , and PCNR.
- Each of these unidirectional set of lines is a point-to-point bus with a fixed transmitter and receiver, or in other words a fixed master and slave bus.
- the HIC is a fixed transmitter/master whereas the PIC is a fixed receiver/slave.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the HIC and PIC of the present invention and the interface therebetween.
- One important difference between the XPBuses shown in FIGS. 8 and 10 is the fact that unlike the XPBus of FIG. 8 , the XPBus of FIG. 10 does not have control lines PCN and PCNR.
- Another difference lies in the fact that the XPBus of FIG. 10 has two dedicated reset lines RSTEH# and RSTEP# instead of only one as is the case for the XPBus of FIG. 8 .
- RSTEH# and RSTEP# are unidirectional reset and error condition signal lines that transmit a reset and error condition signal from the host PCI to the peripheral PCI and from the peripheral PCI to host PCI, respectively.
- FIG. 11 shows a detailed block diagrams of the HIC shown in FIG. 10 .
- HIC 1100 shown in FIG. 11 is, other than for a few difference, identical to HIC 800 shown in FIG. 8 . Accordingly, reference numbers for components in HIC 1100 have been selected such that a component in HIC 1100 and its corresponding component in HIC 800 have reference numbers that differ by 300 and have the same two least significant digits.
- One of the differences between HIC 1100 and HIC 800 is the fact that, unlike HIC 800 , HIC 1100 does not have a parallel to serial converter or a serial to parallel converter dedicated exclusively to CNTL out and CNTL in signals, respectively. This is due to the fact that XPBus for HIC 1100 does not contain a PCN or PCNR line.
Abstract
Description
-
- 1) A CPU with cache memory;
- 2) Core logic device or means;
- 3) Main memory;
- 4) A single primary Hard Disk Drive (“HDD”) that has a security program;
- 5) Flash memory with system BIOS and programmable user password;
- 6) Operating System, application software, data files on primary HDD;
- 7) An interface device and connectors to peripheral console;
- 8) A software controllable mechanical lock, lock control means, and other accessories.
-
- 1) Connection to input devices, e.g. keyboard or mouse;
- 2) Connection to display devices, e.g. Monitor;
- 3) Add-on means, e.g. PCI add-on slots;
- 4) Removable storage media subsystem, e.g. Floppy drive, CDROM drive;
- 5) Communication device. e.g. LAN or modem;
- 6) An interface device and connectors to ACM;
- 7) A computer module bay with a notch in the frame for ACM's lock; and
- 8) Power supply and other accessories.
-
- 1) Auto-lock capability when ACM is inserted into CMB;
- 2) Access privilege of program and data;
- 3) Password matching for ACM removal; and
- 4) Automatic HDD lock out if tempering is detected.
Claims (59)
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/474,256 USRE41294E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2006-06-23 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
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US09/183,493 US6321335B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1998-10-30 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US11/474,256 USRE41294E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2006-06-23 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
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US09/183,493 Reissue US6321335B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 1998-10-30 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
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USRE41294E1 true USRE41294E1 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
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US10/963,825 Expired - Lifetime USRE41961E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2004-10-12 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US11/474,256 Expired - Lifetime USRE41294E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2006-06-23 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US11/517,601 Expired - Lifetime USRE41076E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2006-09-06 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US12/322,858 Expired - Lifetime USRE42814E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2009-02-05 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US12/577,074 Expired - Lifetime USRE43119E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2009-10-09 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US13/233,917 Expired - Lifetime USRE44933E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2011-09-15 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
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US10/963,825 Expired - Lifetime USRE41961E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2004-10-12 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
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US12/322,858 Expired - Lifetime USRE42814E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2009-02-05 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US12/577,074 Expired - Lifetime USRE43119E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2009-10-09 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
US13/233,917 Expired - Lifetime USRE44933E1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2011-09-15 | Password protected modular computer method and device |
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USRE41961E1 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
US6321335B1 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
USRE44933E1 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
USRE43119E1 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
USRE42814E1 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
USRE41076E1 (en) | 2010-01-12 |
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