Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-463320171605
Abstract
This study presents an inventory of the books of the Brazilian states-
man José Lino Coutinho (1786-1836), in which it was possible to iden-
tify most of his published collection, organized since the last decades
of the colonial period. The set of his books, divided between works of
political / philosophical nature and medical books reveals the reading
habits of the intellectual elite in the transition from Portuguese colony
to the Brazilian Empire. In Lino Coutinho library are present works
and authors who provided the intellectual foundations, political and le-
gal for the construction of the emerging Brazilian Imperial Order, of
which he was one of the protagonists.
Keywords
Books in the Province of Bahia; Enlightenment; Masonry.
*
Adjunct Professor III of History of Brazil and Iberian History at Universidade
Federal do Oeste da Bahia. E-mail: pimagalhaes@yahoo.com.br.
**
Assistant Professor of History of America at Universidade Federal do Oeste da
Bahia. E-mail: lfjunqueira@gmail.com.
***
Traduzido por Camila Sotta Elias.
Almanack, Guarulhos, n. 16, p. 258-308, Ago. 2017
José Lino Coutinho, a physician, writer and politician from Bahia, died
on July 24th, 1836, at 6:00 p.m.1 In August 15th, 1836, the inventory proceed-
ings were opened, and it included his young widow, Maria Adelaide Sodré
Coutinho, their two-year old daughter, Maria, and Cora Cesar Coutinho, his
legitimate daughter with Idelfonsa Laura Cesar, a poet from Bahia.2
Despite his political importance and his reputable performance as a doc-
tor and Chairman of the Bahia School of Medicine, José Lino Coutinho and
his works are more widely known because of academic studies on the His-
tory of Education in Brazil. Lino Coutinho was a translator and author of
medical works, however, his most known work is a posthumous book, Cartas
Para a Educação de Cora (1849), presenting a series of pedagogical and moral
writings, developed by him so that he could offer a better education to his first 259
1
The obituary was transcribed by Correio Official (RJ), according to the issue made by Correio
Mercantil (BA) in July 27th, 1836, according to which, Lino passed away after a “long period of
suffering”, also stating that, when he was appointed as a Minister by the Regency, in 1831, he was
“already haunted by his illnesses” and that “his health condition forced him to go ultimately to
France, but as he could not get any better, he returned to his home country, so that he could live
the final moments of a renowned life”. In relation to his funeral, it was informed that “he was
buried in July 25th, around 07:00 p.m., at Matriz de S. Pedro, in the city of Bahia, with funereal
honors due to his significant dignity in State, with the presence of a large number of important
and reputable people from the City” (Vol. VII, n. 40, Aug. 18th, 1836, p. 160. Available at: <http://
memoria.bn.br/docreader/DocReader.aspx?bib=749443&PagFis=3685&Pesq=>. Accessed in
Sept. 07th, 2016). Evaristo da Veiga, in Aurora Fluminense (n. 328) issued in April 23rd, 1830,
informed the arrival of deputies in the Capital, for that legislative year, highlighting: “We have
heard that Mr. Lino Coutinho will arrive later this year, on account of his gout attacks” (Available
at: <http://memoria.bn.br/DocReader/DocReader.aspx?bib=706795&PagFis=1452>, accessed
in Aug. 10th, 2016).
2
Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia (APEB). Seção Judiciária; Série Inventário; Núcleo Tribunal
da Relação; 01/105/157/04, pg. 178. Besides the inventory items, his widow received an annual
allowance; Jornal do Commercio, Monday, August 29th, 1836, n. 188, p. 3: The Legislative General
Assembly has decided: Single Art. - The annual allowance of 800$ rs is established and granted
according to the August 16th, 1836 Decree to Ms. Maria Adelaide Sodré Coutinho, in return for
the services performed by her late spouse, the Counselor José Lino Coutinho. Paço da Camara
dos Deputados, August 26th, 1836.
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For details on his pedagogical works, see REIS, Adriana Dantas. Cora: lições de comportamento
3
feminino na Bahia do século XIX. Salvador: FCJA; Centro de Estudos Baianos da UFBA, 2000,
pp. 135-198. We can also notice the interest of Lino Coutinho in the female education by the bill
presented by him in 1826 to the House of Representatives, proposing “the creation of Schools
for Girls in Convents of Nuns, where they could learn how to read, write and tell stories”, where
the religious woman would serve as teachers, given the lack of instructors in the country. Diario
da Camara dos Deputados à Assemblea Geral Legislativa do Imperio do Brasil. 1826. Rio de Janeiro: Im-
prensa Imperial e Nacional, 1827, p. 1302 et seq. Available at: <https://books.google.com.br/
books?id=5rxOAAAAcAAJ>. Accessed in July 30th, 2016.
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We were able to find out about the early days of Freemasonry in Bahia
thanks to the Portuguese historian and Freemason Rodrigo José de Lima
Felner (1809-1877), publishing, in 1846, Progressos da Maçonaria na Bahia, in-
corporated to Almanak do Rit:. Esc:. Ant:. e Acc:. em Portugal para o Anno de
5846, pages 66-71.4 Completely unknown to Brazilian researchers, Progressos
da Maçonaria na Bahia is a relevant work, as it presents accurate data about the
creation of the first three Masonic lodges established in Bahia from 1802 to
1813, as well as the creation of Grande Oriente Brasileiro. The lodge called
“Humanidade”, according to Rodrigo Felner, as per the information of the
Freemason José Mendes Costa Coelho, from Bahia, concluded its activities in
“March 15th, 5817” [June 4th, 1817], after the Pernambuco Revolt in March
6th, 1817. However, the same lodge would be reactivated in 1820, and its
members led the war for the independence of Bahia:
However, the works of Humanidade Lodge [...] will be resumed in December 261
27th, 5820 [March 19th, 1820], and all its workers shall maintain the conserva-
tion of the files taken by the rage of the enemies of the Institution. The board
of this Lodge included the honorable Manoel Pedro de Freitas Guimarães,
lieutenant colonel, subsequently Brigadier-General, who, in front of his ar-
tillery force, reverberate the heroic cry of freedom in Bahia, which began in
Porto, was repeated in Lisbon, and propagated continuously throughout the
Kingdom of Portugal; - and the honorable Dr José Lino Coutinho, and Fran-
cisco Antonio Felgueiras, who, on that occasion became a part of the Interim
Government of such an opulent province.5
There is no doubt that José Lino Coutinho was one of the most influen-
tial active Freemason in Salvador. Besides the accounts in Felner’s Almanak,
the name of José Lino Coutinho appears in an anonymous list, with no date,
kept in the Historical Archives of Itamaraty, in Rio de Janeiro, along with
other notorious Freemasons, as an indication that he was involved in the
constitutional “mysteries” in Bahia since the late 1820s. His connection to
4
FELNER, Rodrigo José de Lima. Almanak do Rit:. Esc:. Ant:. e Acc:. em Portugal para o Ano de 5846
[Almanak do rito escocez antigo e aceite para Portugal, para o anno de 5846 (1846)] Offerecido ao
Synhedrio de Beneficencia pelo Ir:. R. Felner. Lisboa: Typographia de O. R. Ferrer, 1846. Felner’s data
were reissued in Astrea: Almanak Maçônico. Rio de Janeiro: Tipografia Laemmert, 1846, pp. 79-81.
5
Ibidem, p. 68. Our emphasis.
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the colonial masonry, presumably, earned him the Department of the Pro-
vincial Council of Bahia, and further election in the Lisbon Courts, in 1821.6
He was one of the Brazilian deputies who abandoned the Courts and
did not take the oath to the Portuguese Monarchy Political Constitution, de-
parting to Falmouth with the deputies from Bahia Francisco Agostinho Go-
mes and Cipriano Barata de Almeida. In England, with other Brazilian de-
puties, he wrote the Decree of October 22nd, 1822. Despite his opposition to
the maintenance of the Portuguese colonial system in Brazil, because of his
outstanding medical expertise, he became a member of the Royal Academy
of Sciences from Lisbon.
After the Independence of Brazil, he was elected general deputy, re-
presenting Bahia in the first two mandates, 1826-1829 and 1830-1833. He
became the Counselor of the Emperor D. Pedro I, honorary physician of the
Imperial Chamber and a Knight of the Order of Christ. Nevertheless, he 262
opposed to such Emperor and, after the abdication of D. Pedro I, he worked
in the State Department of Empire Affairs in 1831.
He was nominated professor of exterior pathology of the Medical-Sur-
gical School of Bahia (1825). When, in October 3rd, 1832, the Regency con-
verted the School in Faculty of Medicine, Lino Coutinho was appointed as
its first Chairman. As the chairman of such Institution, his passion for books
resulted in the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine Library, which has
even been one of the richest collections of the Empire of Brazil.
He was a prolific author and translator. A portion of his works is in-
dexed in the Brazilian Bibliographical Dictionary (Diccionario Bibliographico
Brazileiro), organized by the physician from Bahia AugustoVictorino Alves Sa-
cramento Blake.There we can find his first published translation, Observações
Arquivo Histórico do Itamaraty - Lata 195, maço 6, pasta 13. Since Hermógenes Pantoja is listed,
6
and he died in 1821, we can assume the list is prior to that. It is possible that it was related to the
constitutional conspiracies of that time in Bahia. A considerable number of those elected to the
Courts comprised of Freemasons, given that the freemasonry organization and brotherhood stood
for the election of “Brother” deputies.
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sobreasafecçõescatarraisdeCabanis(1816)7,followedbyTopografiamédicadaBahia
(1832)8,Coleçãodosprincipaisfatosnahistóriadaepidemiadocóleramorbus(1833),
ParecerdacomissãodaCâmaradosdeputados(1822),Sustentaçãodasacusaçõesquena
suarespectivacâmarafezodeputadoJoséLinoCoutinhoaoMarquêsdeBaependi(1827)
and,lastly,CartassobreaeducaçãodeCora(1849).SacramentoBlakealsoindica-
tesothertwomissingworksbyLinoCoutinho,Memóriasobreaságuasnaturaes
da Bahia, indicated as being published in Bahia, and Memória sobre a doutrina
de Broussais, stating that “As the previous one, I was never able to see those
writings”. Neither of these works could be found. Also, it was not possible to
findacopy(inthecasethiswaspublishedatall)ofProjetoreformandoasEscolas
de Medicina (1826), introduced to D. Pedro I, however, there is a copy of some
remarks made by Joaquim Cândido Soares Meireles about said document in
the section of Rare Works at the National Library in Rio de Janeiro.9 Blake
also mentions that Lino Coutinho had unpublished poems “and that he had
263
only seen a published copy of A sensitiva — a delicate lyric poem, at Opinião
Nacional. Pernambuco, April 21st, 1868”.10
Nevertheless, the list made by Sacramento Blake is incomplete. At the
National Library in Rio de Janeiro, there is a copy of Relatorio do Senhor Mi-
nistro do Imperio, José Lino Coutinho. Rio de Janeiro: Typ. Nacional, 1832, 15
p. (Livros Raros - 153,002,028 n.007). The then Minister would have also
7
Observações sobre as affecções catarraes em geral, e particularmente as que são conhecidas com
o nome de defluxos do cerebro e defluxos do peito; Medical Doctor, Member of the Senate, of
the National Institute, the Paris Medicine Society and School, the American Society, the da So-
ciedade Americana, da Brussels Medicine Society, &c. Translation and notes by J. Lino, Bacharel,
graduated in Medicine at the University of Coimbra and Physicist at the Royal Military Hospital
of Bahia (Hospital Real Militar da Cidade da Bahia). Bahia: Tipografia de Manoel Antonio da
Silva Serva, 1816. viii, 94p.
8
“Mr José Lino Coutinho, deputy in the court by the Province of Bahia, and now a representative
of the Academy, presented a Memoir about the medical surveying of such an interesting birthplace
of the Kingdom of Brazil”. Historia e Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Lisboa: Na
Typ. da Mesma Academia, 1823. Tomo VIII, Parte I. p. VII. It is possible that the manuscript of
this memoir still exists at the Lisbon Academy of Sciences.
9
MEIRELES,JoaquimCândidoSoaresde.ObservaçõessobreoprojetodosenhordeputadoLinoCoutinho,
a cerca das escolas de medicina. Rio de Janeiro, Typ. do Diario, 1828. 28 p. III-186,5,3, n.16
10
BLAKE, Augusto Victorino Alves Sacramento. Diccionario Biblographico Brazileiro. Rio de Janeiro:
Imprensa Nacional, 1899, vol 5, p. 7-8.
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published his original songs. In September 12th, 1831, Diário do Rio de Janeiro
announced a song: “O Gerassol (sic), a Brazilian modinha, an imitation of the
Cavatina, played along with a piano forte or a French gamba; composed by
the Honorable Mr. José Lino Coutinho; transformed into music and dedica-
ted to the beautiful Brazilian sexiness, by Bartholomeu Bartolozzi” was laun-
ched.11 the following year, 1832, the same Diário do Rio de Janeiro announced
three other songs: “three Brazilian modinhas (Composed by the Honorable
José Lino Coutinho) played along with piano forte or French gamba”.12 The-
re is no other record of such works, and we were not able to find copies in Pu-
blic Libraries or private collections. José Lino Coutinho’s biography was not
written yet, so it is vital to find his manuscripts and copies of his published
works, which, so far, are still lost.
Despite his continuous intellectual production and political
practice, Lino Coutinho was in poor health. The cause of his dea-
264
th was “gouthy rheumatism”, at his house in Rua da Quitanda Ve-
lha, Freguesia de São Pedro, Salvador, aged 52. As it is customary in
the Libraries of Bahia, his books did not survive long after his death.
Diário do Rio de Janeiro, N.09, Rio de Janeiro: At Typographia do Diário, September 12th, 1831.
11
Diário do Rio de Janeiro, N.11, Rio de Janeiro: At Typographia do Diário, June 16th, 1832.
12
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13
IGLESIASMAGALHÃES,PabloAntonio.DeuseodiabonabibliotecadeumcônegodaBahia:oinventário
dos livros do padre Manoel Dendê Bus em 1836. Revista de História (USP), p. 245-286, 2014. Available
at: or <http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.2014.89013>. Accessed in July 10th, 2016.
14
Barata and Pantoja had, respectively, 30 and 22 seized works. On this subject, see MATTOSO,
KátiaM.deQueirós.Presençafrancesanomovimentodemocráticobaianode1798.Bahia:Itapuã,1969,
p. 18. Among the exceptions, we can include the library of Manoel Ignacio da Silva Alvarenga
(1749-1814) and Francisco Agostinho Gomes (1769-1842). In relation to colonial libraries, see,
among others, MORAES, Rubens Borba de. Livros e bibliotecas no Brasil colonial. Rio de Janeiro:
Livros Técnicos e Científicos, 1979. For what we know, the library of Father Gomes, from 1800
on, received boxes of books brought from Lisbon, and it was the largest library in Bahia. Such
collection gave rise to the archive of the Bahia Public Library in 1811. It was an encyclopedic
collection, including as many fields of expertise as it was possible at that time, where one could
find books about mineralogy, chemistry, botany, architecture, zoology, math, physics, philosophy,
politics, geography, history, law, linguistics, arts, religion, among classics. On Gomes, see NEVES,
Lúcia M. Bastos P.; PEREIRA, Guilherme. A biblioteca de Francisco Agostinho Gomes: a permanência
da ilustração luso-brasileira entre Portugal e o Brasil. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico
Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 165, n.425, p. 11-28, 2004.
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15
SEIXAS, Romualdo Antônio de. Breve Memoria acerca da naturalidade do Padre AntonioVieira da Com-
panhiadeJesusdequefoiencarregadopeloInstitutoHistóricoeGeographicodoBrasiloExmºSnr.Arcebispoda
Bahia. Bahia: Typ. Camillo de Lellis Masson, 1857.
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diary” or iconoclast books of Voltaire, Rousseau, Volney, which set the tone
for those array of separate books, which could not be defined as collections
yet. Lino Coutinho’s library, in turn, has a greater focus in the construction
of a new political and economic order that occurred after the Napoleonic
turbulence that led to the end of Absolutism in Western Europe, to the Bra-
zilian Independence and to the progressive deployment of Liberalism in the
American continent. Even though Voltaire, Montesquieu and Raynal are in-
cluded in his inventory, the books disseminating the“abhorrent French prin-
ciples” are not the focus of the collection. For example, the book “Contracto
Social” (Social Contract) belonging to the collection was not the one written
by Rousseau, who is not among the listed authors,16 but the book Du contrat
social au XIXme siècle (item 6), of the not so distinguished Lawyer Jean Duplan.
For the configuration of his political, economic and social Enlighten-
ment thinking, and also to act as a statesman in the Legislative branch and in
267
the Government, Lino Coutinho had a full range of books written by authors
dedicated to varied themes, such as Philosophy, History, Natural Law, Public
Administration, Political Economy, Constitutionalism, Penitentiary System
and Law. Among the Enlightenment authors, in relation to the number of
listed volumes, the highlighted works were written by the French authors
Dominique de Pradt (1759-1837), or Pradt Abbot – whose work significantly
affected the context of the Brazilian Independence –, including eight titles,
12 volumes in total (items 89-96), Turgot (1727-1781), prominent statesman
from the 18th Century, represented in a collection with nine volumes of his
works (item 70),17 and Montesquieu (1689-1755), with eight volumes (item
73). Among the British, stands out the image of the jurist and philosophical
16
Actually, it was not possible to identify Rousseau as the author of any of the enrolled items.
However, his name appears in the group of books Collection des classiques français (item 102).
It is possible that another work - Principes du droit politique mis en opposition avec le Contrat Social, J. J.
Rousseau (item 63), of Torombert and Lanjuinais, including Contrato Social in the Annex - was a
part of Lino’s collection. As the title suggests, is a counterpoint to Rousseau’s Social Contract.
17
The collection of his works in the library of Lino Coutinho presented the first volume of Mémoires
sur la vie, l’administration et les ouvrages de M. Turgot, written by Pierre-Samuel Dupont de
Nemours, in its second edition, its second volume presents texts written between 1749 and 1754;
the third volume presents texts written between 1754 and 1760, comprising Turgot’s writings
included in Encyclopédie; the fourth volume presents the writings from 1761 to 1774. The fifth
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reformer Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), with four titles listed in the catalog,
amounting to seven volumes (items 8 and 58-60).
It is understandable that the author with the largest number of publica-
tions in Lino Coutinho’s collection, as already noted, was the abbot Dominique
de Pradt. According to a recent survey made by the historian Marco Morel:
In his works from 1801-1802, Pradt already suggested the possibility of the
Brazilian Independence, based on quantified economic data (wealth and com-
merce), as well as geographical, cultural and political data. The abbot, who
was also a baron, considered Brazil was “un très grand pays” (a huge country),
praising the perspective of Marquis of Pombal when designing the transferen-
ce of the seat of the Portuguese Crown to the Americas [...] That is, according
to the author, Brazil (designated as an Empire, six years before the arrival of
the Portuguese Court, with D. João VI) already had the material requirements
for being independent of Portugal. 18
268
When it comes to works about the Enlightenment period, many of the
titles included a variety of topics, and some of them, such as Melanges de
litterature,d’histoire,etdephilosophie,writtenbyD’Alambert(item57,with5vol-
umes.),orCollectiondesclassiquesfrançais(item102,with4volumes.),werecol-
lections or presented an encyclopedic nature, what was common at that time.
Therefore, and given our impossibility to verify each of the works within the
limits of this research, it is important to note the presence of dozens of titles
related to the State policy and its operation, as well as the Natural Law, Peo-
ple’s Rights, Moral Rights, Contractualism, Constitutionalism and Judiciary
Law – including the five Napoleonic Codes (item 38), one title about Grand
Jury (item 40) and the work Que he o codigo civil?, written by Vicente José Fer-
reira Cardozo da Costa (item 18). A recurring theme amongst the statesmen
of that period, the inventory presents two researches about the penitentiary
system (items 1 and 49) and one about the criminal justice system in general
volume comprises the works written between 1761 and 1774. The complete work reproduces the
line of thinking of one of the main statesmen in French during the 18th Century.
18
MOREL, Marco. O caminho incerto das Luzes francesas: o abade De Pradt e a Independência bra-
sileira. Almanack, v. 13, p. 112-129, 2016, p. 116 < www.scielo.br/pdf/alm/n13/2236-4633-
alm-13-00112.pdf >.
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19
CARVALHO, José Murilo de. A construção da ordem: a elite política imperial. Brasília: UNB, 1981.
It must be highlighted that, in addition to his important role as a Statesman, because of his studies
and translations in the medical field, Lino Coutinho was seen as one of the major names in Bra-
zilian science. His name appears in the work Du climat et des maladies du Brésil, written by Dr. Sigaud
(Paris: Chez Fortin, Masson et Cia., Libraires, 1844), and the comment in the announcement of
this work in Diário do Rio de Janeiro, in November, 1844, put Coutinho among the “wise men of the
country, illustrating the natural and medical sciences”, alongside names such as José Bonifácio,
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Manuel Arruda Camara and Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. Diário do Rio de Janeiro. Anno XXIII,
N. 6769, 15 de novembro de 1844. Available at <http://memoria.bn.br/docreader/DocReader.
aspx?bib=094170_01&pagfis=28170>. Accessed in July 20th, 2016).
20
Cartas Sobre a Educação de Cora, Seguidas de um Cathecismo Moral, Político e Religioso, by the
deceased Counsellor Dr. José Lino Coutinho and published by João Gualberto dos Passos. Bahia:
at Typographia de Carlos Poggetti, 1849, carta XXIII, p. 84-85.
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Barond’Holbach,titledLamoraleuniverselle,orlesdevoirsdel’hommefondéssur
sa nature. (item 75), as well as the collection with 10 volumes of Les Vies Des
HommesIllustres,TraduitesDuGrecDePlutarque,AvecNotes,ParD.Ricard(item
71).LaBruyèrefeaturestheCollectiondesclassiquesfrançais.SecondePartieConte-
nantVoltaire,LaRochefoucault,laBruyère,Fénelon,Massillon,Fléchier,Bossuet,Pascal,
MontesquieuetLeSage,publishedinParisin1828(item102).Itshouldbenoted
that he recommended to his daughter the reading of classic books, History
and Philosophy books, instead of romances.
Even though Lino Coutinho was an influential Freemason, his inventory
of books did not present any masonic publication, such as instructions, Cate-
chisms,ConstitutionsandotherdocumentsbelongingtothePortuguese-Bra-
zilian masonry. But this does not mean they did not exist. Such books were not
sold, and this was the ultimate goal when elaborating the inventory. Masonic
books were collected by an insider “Brother”, after the death of their owners.
271
It is possible that José Paulo Franco Lima was also a member of the Free-
masonry, since he had business and intellectual relations with a significant
portion of the Freemasons in Bahia, including the family of Silva Serva, and
hepublishedSentineladaLiberdade,writtenbytheFreemasonCiprianoBarata.
Despite this, with the exceptions of Camões, Vieira and Madureira, all
Portuguese-Brazilian authors included in Lino Coutinho’s catalog were ini-
tiated into Freemasonry. Among the Portuguese Freemason authors are Vi-
cente José Ferreira Cardozo da Costa, from Bahia, Antonio de Moraes Silva,
from Rio de Janeiro, the magistrate and poet Antonio José Osório de Pina
Leitão, and his colleague at the School of Medicine, Dr Johnatas Abbott. In
fact, Abbott, an English physician, began in the Freemasonry in Bahia, in
1824, and dedicated to Lino Coutinho his English Grammar (item 12), pub-
lished in 1827, and the only copy of it belongs to the heirs of the diplomat
Fernando Abbott Galvão (1922-2009). The preference for authors connected
to the Freemasonry is also present among Europeans and North Americans,
including members such as Montesquieu, Voltaire, Louis-Sébastien Mercier,
Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Condorcet, Diderot, Jean D’Alem-
bert, Goethe and Jeremy Bentham. Certainly, Lino’s preferences for such
authors could be related to the fact that he shared Enlightenment ideas with
them, rather than the Masonic fraternity.
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21
LABORDE,Alexandre.Del’espritd’associationdanstouslesintérêtsdelacommunauté,ou,Essaisurlecomplé-
mentdubien-êtreetdelarichesseenFranceparlecomplémentdesinstitutions.Paris:Gide,1818,p.460.
22
AMADOU, Robert. Un discours maçonnique de Louis Sébastien Mercier. Soyons maçons et point
académiciens, Renaissance traditionnelle, n. 13, p. 20-27, 1973.
23
DARNTON, Robert. Edição e sedição: o universo da literatura clandestina no século XVIII. São
Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1992, p. 172.
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were published until Mercier death in 1814”.24 His book was less widely dis-
seminated on this side of the Atlantic, but in 1795 a version was published in
Philadelphia, and it was the first Utopian novel published in North America.
It is also remarkable that George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, the first
and the third Presidents of the United States, also had copies of L’An 2440.25
José Honório Rodrigues states that the book written by Mercier was well-
-known in Brazil, but he claimed that only based in the seized copy taken from
Mariano José Pereira da Fonseca during the Rio de Janeiro Revolt in 1794. Lino
Coutinho’s copy reaffirms that the book was disseminated throughout Brazil.26
LinoCoutinhohadthefivevolumesofNouvelleBibliothèqued’unhomme
de goût (item 66), published between 1808 and 1810 by Antoine-Alexandre
Barbier and N.L.M. Dessessarts, who were members of several French Aca-
demies. In relation to this edition, a reviewer stated, in Mercure de France, that
theBibliothèqued’unhommedegoût“seemedtobesoenjoyablethatthreecom- 273
pilations of the same type were successively published”. He affirmed that
“wasnotabletocomparethethreeversionsofBibliothèqued’unhommedegoût
[but] it is known [...] that the last one is more extensive than the other two”.
At last, he asserted that the authors are “usually known as sensible minds
and wise bibliographers, [who] amended the errors of their predecessors,
corrects their misjudgements [and] completed their omissions”.27
In relation to the magazines, it was possible to identify the presence of
only two titles, a separate fascicle of O Padre Amaro, published in London,
and five volumes of Revue Française, with the first edition published in Paris in
1828, with publications until July, 1830.The Revue Française was published un-
der the auspices of François Guizot and Charles de Rémusa, and the entire
collection included 16 numbers, usually combined into 8 volumes. Thus, it is
possible to affirm that Lino Coutinho’s collection was incomplete.
24
WILKIE JR., Evertt C.. “Mercier’s L’An 2440: Its Publishing History During the Author’s Lifetime,
Part I.” In: Harvard Library Bulletin n.32, (Inverno 1984), pp. 5-35.
25
ANKON, Paul K. Origins of Futuristic Fiction. Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1987, p. 117.
26
RODRIGUES, José Honório. Independência: Revolução e contra-revolução. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco
Alves, 1975, vol. 1, p. 5.
27
AUGER, M. Mercure de France, Littéraire et Politique, Paris, 1808, Arthus-Bertrand, vol. 32, pp.535-540.
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Some criteria were used to identified the books enrolled in the inventory
of books belonging to José Lino Coutinho. Naturally, all the works were pu-
blished before 1836. The major challenge for some works was to identify the
Edition, because Franco Lima did not record the printmaker, neither the year
in which the work was published. In a few items, Lima indicates the layout of
the copy, normally in-folio, in-4 or in-8. The number of volumes also helped
to identify the edition of the book, as well as the language in which it was
published. Nevertheless, for a portion of the books, it was impossible to iden-
tify precisely the cataloged edition. In such cases, more than one edition was
indicated, all of them previous to the date of the inventory. In the end, it is
possible to offer to the readers and book researchers a mosaic of possibilities.
According to the records offered by Franco Lima about Lino Coutinho’s
library, we can ascertain that the French language was predominant, with
122 books (83.56%) in French, with only 16 books written in Portuguese
274
(11%), two in English, one in Spanish, one in Italian and two bilingual dic-
tionaries - totaling 144 works with the identified language. It was not possible
to identify two items of the inventory, since only the name of the author was
indicated, and there was no reference to their titles. The virtual absence of
Spanish books in the Public Library and the private libraries in Bahia during
the 19th Century is nothing new, as this was already observed in the inventory
of books belonging to the library of Canon Manoel Dendê Bus. In fact, the
only book written in Spanish in Lino’s library was published in Paris (item
103), about the life and works of the Spanish Dominican Bartolomé de Las
Casas. It is surprising the fact that there is no book in Latin, not because it
is the official language of the Catholic Church, since his collection does not
list devotional books, but because Latin was very usual among the scientists
of the 19th Century.
Because of the quantity and proportion of books in the native language
of Voltaire, it is possible to affirm that Lino Coutinho had a French library
in Bahia. This massive presence of French book in the private library of the
first Chairman of the School of Medicine in Bahia - a recurring fact among
the Portuguese-Brazilian followers of the Enlightenment of that time - is
explained by the fact that France was the birthplace of the Enlightenment
philosophers, and many other renowned physicians, as well as a major pub-
lishing market – in the production, distribution and consumption of books,
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which meant even foreign authors used to publish in French. There were few
translationsintoPortugueseofthephilosophesbooksandmedicalpapers–and
that is why Coutinho himself become a translator.
Such Francophilia (or Francophonie) of the instructors in the Bahia
School of Medicine lasted until the early 20th Century. Jorge Amado’s liter-
ature registered this phenomenon through the character Nilo d’Ávila Argolo
de Araújo, instructor in the same School of Medicine, in his novel Tent of
Miracles (1963). Nilo Argolo is, by all means, an allegory of the physicist and
instructor Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (1862-1906). The novelist from Bahia
noticed that, with rare exceptions, most of the Medicine instructors spent
their time with their vanities in the French language, rather than perform-
ing medical research. According to Amado, in Bahia School of Medicine,
“speaking French correctly and with good pronunciation was something to
be proud of, an element of prestige [...] to those who wish to be considered as
275
intellectuals, a vital tool in higher education”. Certainly, although there were
good authors and valuable books of Medicine written in Portuguese during
the 17th and 18th Centuries, the knowledge on the subject advanced much
further during the 19th Century, and the printing companies in Brazil and
Portugal were not fast enough to translate and publish most of the scientific
advances in this area.
For the transcript of the inventory, the text was kept in accordance with
the manuscript, with all mistakes and barbarisms registered by Franco de
Lima, with the indication of the pages of the document into square bra-
ckets. For some items, there is the addition of a few explanatory notes just
below the identified bibliographical data. In the transcript of the document,
the language of each work was indicated with the letters P (Portuguese), F
(French), IN (English), IT (Italian), E (Spanish) and D (Unknown). There are
also two bilingual dictionaries. The former is possibly a copy of the English
Dictionary by Antonio Vieira Transtagano.
It is important to recover the catalog of Lino Coutinho’s library, as it is
an intellectual portrayal of his time. It is the depiction of a period of tran-
sition. The absence of Portuguese books reveals a potential influence of the
Anti-Portuguese feeling, especially among people in Bahia between 1820-30.
It is certain that this cannot be considered as a colonial library, or even a
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Books
N / o
TRANSCRIÇÃO DO
DADOS BIBLIOGRÁFICOS IDENTIFICADOS
ID INVENTÀRIO
Contracto Social ou o
DUPLAN, Jean. Du contrat social au XIXme siècle: ou
6 seculo desenove por Duplan
Traité de législation politique et criminelle basé sur les
F por quatrocentos e oitenta r.s
droits de l’humanité. Paris: Moutardier, 1828. 431 p.
$480
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O Appendice do Pa [fl.37]
11 Appendice ao Padre Amaro. Parte I. Londres: Impresso
do Padre Amaro avaliado
P por R. Greenlaw, 36, High Holborn, 1826.
por quatrocentos reis $400
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Direito natural e político digo Questions de Droit Naturel, public et politique, extrai-
35
e publico avaliado por qua- tes d’un manuscrit; et relatives au temps présent. s/l:
F
trocentos e oitenta r.s $480 1789. 168 p.
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40 Código do Jury por Persin PERSIN, Jules. Code du jury et des élections: ... par Jules
F por quatrocentos reis $400 Persin. Paris: F. Didot père et fils, 1828. VIII-582 p.; in-8.
Les malheurs du [fl 39] GOETHE, Johann Wolfgang von. Les malheurs du
45 Jeune Werttur avaliado por jeune Werther: Traduit de l’Allemand. A Paris: Chez
F quatrocentos e oitenta reis les Libraires Associés, 1792. 214 p., [2] Bl. Ill. in-18°
$480 Impresso em Avignon, em 1793, in-8.o
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Ganilh / de Pouvoir, et de
79 GANILH, Charles. Du pouvoir et de l’opposition dans la
l’opposition por quatrocen-
F société civile. Paris: Bossange, 1824. xxviii-345 p. ; 22 cm
tos e oitenta reis $480
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298
CAMÕES, Luis de. Lusiadas / do grande Luis de Ca-
moens; com argumentos do licenciado Joao Franco
Barreto e index de todos os nomes próprios. Lisboa:
por Antonio Crasbeeck de Mello, 1670, [8], 469, [7]
p., 14 cm, in-12.
Lusiadas de Camoens por CAMÕES, Luis de. Os Lusiadas / Do grande Luis de
112
quatrocentos e oitenta reis Camoens, principe dos poetas de Hespanha, com os ar-
P
$480 gumentos do licenciado [I]oam Franco Barreto. Lisboa
Occidental: na Offic. Ferreyriana, 1721, [12], 896, [1]
p., [1]f. de estampa, retr., 12 cm, in-12.
São duas edições um tanto vulgares dos séculos XVII e
XVIII, respectivamente, que apresentam a grafia “Ca-
moens” na folha de rosto.
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Idem, idem, idem dois volu- ROSTAN, Léon. Cours élémentaire d’hygiène: par
118
mes avaliados por mil nove- L. Rostan. 2e édition, revue, corrigée et augmentée.
F
centos e vinte reis 1$920 Paris: Béchet Jeune, 1828. 2 vol. 580; 539 p.; in-8.
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Idem/Diagnostic de Pro-
ROSTAN, Léon. Traité élémentaire de diagnostic,
119 nostic tres volumes avaliados
de pronostic, d’indications thérapeutiques; ou, Cou-
F por dois mil e quatrocentos
rs de médecine clinique. Paris, Béchet, 1826. 3 v.
reis 2$400
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Foderé / Traité du Delire FODERÈ, François Emmanuel. Traité du délire, appli- 305
146
doisvolumespornovecentos qué à la médecine, à la morale et à la législation. Paris,
F
e sessenta reis $960 Croullebois, 1817. 2 v.
45$400
Therefore,theJudgeoftheOrphanscompletedthedescriptionofthebooks
of the deceased José Lino Coitinho, and as there is nothing more to be report,
I concluded this document, signed by the Judge aforementioned, the and the
Expert. Written by me, Jozé Olympio Gomes de Souza, Registrar of the Court.
Joaquim J.e Tiburcio Joaq.m J.e de Moraes
José Paulo Franco Lima
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menteasquesãoconhecidascomonomededefluxosdocerebroedefluxosdopeito;por
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